[Problem] To provide a method for inducing a long-term memory in a subject need thereof.

[Solution to problem] A method for inducing a long-term memory, comprising a step of administering a compound represented by Formula I below, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof to the subject.

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A method of producing an organic compound, which contains a step of performing a deodorization step using a flow reaction in a flow passage to remove, from a reaction liquid, a malodorous material generated or remaining in a reaction step,

wherein the organic compound is an industrially useful compound.

The present invention provides a method for producing a benzaldehyde in which an amino group is bonded in the 2 position, a halogeno group or an alkoxy group is bonded in the 3 position, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogeno group, an alkoxy group, or a cyano group is bonded independently in each of the 4, 5, and 6 positions, the method including: preparing a benzaldehyde in which a halogeno group or an alkoxy group is bonded in the 3 position, a hydrogen atom is bonded in the 2 position, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogeno group, an alkoxy group, or a cyano group is bonded independently in each of the 4, 5, and 6 positions so that a lithiation reaction is most active at the 2 position; acetal-protecting a formyl group in the benzaldehyde; sequentially performing lithiation, azidation, and amination of the 2 position; and the performing acetal deportection.

The present invention provides a method for producing a benzaldehyde in which an amino group is bonded in the 2 position, a halogeno group or an alkoxy group is bonded in the 3 position, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogeno group, an alkoxy group, or a cyano group is bonded independently in each of the 4, 5, and 6 positions, the method including: preparing a benzaldehyde in which a halogeno group or an alkoxy group is bonded in the 3 position, a hydrogen atom is bonded in the 2 position, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogeno group, an alkoxy group, or a cyano group is bonded independently in each of the 4, 5, and 6 positions so that a lithiation reaction is most active at the 2 position; acetal-protecting a formyl group in the benzaldehyde; sequentially performing lithiation, azidation, and amination of the 2 position; and the performing acetal deportection.

The present invention provides a method for producing a benzaldehyde in which an amino group is bonded in the 2 position, a halogeno group or an alkoxy group is bonded in the 3 position, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogeno group, an alkoxy group, or a cyano group is bonded independently in each of the 4, 5, and 6 positions, the method including: preparing a benzaldehyde in which a halogeno group or an alkoxy group is bonded in the 3 position, a hydrogen atom is bonded in the 2 position, and a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogeno group, an alkoxy group, or a cyano group is bonded independently in each of the 4, 5, and 6 positions so that a lithiation reaction is most active at the 2 position; acetal-protecting a formyl group in the benzaldehyde; sequentially performing lithiation, azidation, and amination of the 2 position; and the performing acetal deportection.

Problem to Be Solved: to provide a chromophore having a far superior nonlinear optical activity to conventional chromophores and to provide a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Solution: a chromophore comprising a donor structure D, a -conjugated bridge structure B, and an acceptor structure A, the donor structure D comprising an aryl group substituted with a substituted oxy group; and a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Problem to Be Solved: to provide a chromophore having a far superior nonlinear optical activity to conventional chromophores and to provide a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

Solution: a chromophore comprising a donor structure D, a -conjugated bridge structure B, and an acceptor structure A, the donor structure D comprising an aryl group substituted with a substituted oxy group; and a nonlinear optical element comprising said chromophore.

The invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful for treating conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, cancer, and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

The invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful for treating conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, cancer, and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

The invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful for treating conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, cancer, and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.