The present invention relates to a process for preparation of 2-Amino-5-hydroxy propiophenone, a key intermediate for the synthesis of camptothecin analogs including 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38).

Estrogenic compounds and compositions, and a method, are presented. The novel estrogenic compounds comprise novel chalcone derivatives and analogs that have little or no measurable estrogen (estradiol, E2) activity but potentiate E2 activity without binding an estrogen receptor (ER). The novel compositions comprise one or more of the novel estrogenic compounds and may optionally comprise one or more excipients. The one or more excipients may be pharmaceutically acceptable. The one or more excipients may comprise at least one compound that does not occur in nature with estrogenic compounds. The method comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising an estrogenic compound described herein to a patient in need of treatment with an estrogenic compound or pharmaceutical composition.

Estrogenic compounds and compositions, and a method, are presented. The novel estrogenic compounds comprise novel chalcone derivatives and analogs that have little or no measurable estrogen (estradiol, E2) activity but potentiate E2 activity without binding an estrogen receptor (ER). The novel compositions comprise one or more of the novel estrogenic compounds and may optionally comprise one or more excipients. The one or more excipients may be pharmaceutically acceptable. The one or more excipients may comprise at least one compound that does not occur in nature with estrogenic compounds. The method comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising an estrogenic compound described herein to a patient in need of treatment with an estrogenic compound or pharmaceutical composition.

Provided are a compound represented by formula (Ia) below, a polymer obtained by using the compound as a synthesis raw material, a gas separation membrane having a gas separation layer including the polymer, and a gas separation module and a gas separation apparatus that have the gas separation membrane.

##STR00001##

R.sup.A and R.sup.B represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.

L.sup.A represents —CF.sub.2—, —CF(CF.sub.3)—, —C(═O)—, —CH.sub.2—, —CH(CH.sub.3)—, or —CH(CF.sub.3)— or a group obtained by combining the foregoing groups. L.sup.A has 4 or less carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to a process for preparation of 2-Amino-5-hydroxy propiophenone, a key intermediate for the synthesis of camptothecin analogs including 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38).

The present invention relates to a process for preparation of 2-Amino-5-hydroxy propiophenone, a key intermediate for the synthesis of camptothecin analogs including 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38).

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

Zwitterion ligand metal complexes and methods of aerobic oxidation using a zwitterion ligand metal complex are provided. The zwitterion ligand metal complexes can include a transition metal salt and a zwitterion ligand, which can comprise a non-conjugated amide anion-phosphonium cation, an amide anion-ammonium cation, or an iminium cation. The methods of aerobic oxidation can include combining the zwitterion ligand metal complex with an oxidizable compound and molecular oxygen to allow the isolation of an oxidized compound from the oxidizable compound.

The invention provides compounds and methods of treating autophagy mediated diseases and disorders and related pharmaceutical compositions, diagnostics, screening techniques and kits.

The invention discloses a monosubstituted or polysubstituted amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative, and a preparation method and application thereof. The amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative substituted by a group containing PEG, a quaternary ammonium salt or the like prepared according to the invention has an obvious red shift in its absorption spectrum and a significantly enhanced molar extinction coefficient, compared with the parent hypocrellin, can efficiently produce singlet state oxygen and other reactive oxygen species under photosensitive conditions; has different amphiphilicities and increased biocompatibility with cells or tissues by regulating its hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity; can meet the requirements of different clinical drugs, and solves the requirements of different drug delivery methods for different drug hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. Under identical conditions, the amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative photosensitizer according to the invention has higher ability to photodynamically inactivate tumor cells than the first and second generation commercial photosensitizers.