The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel (200) is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising -sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (201, 202, 203). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions.

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel (200) is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising -sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (201, 202, 203). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions.

The invention relates to an hydrolysis vessel (200) used during amidification step of acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), in the industrial process for production of a methyl methacrylate (MMA) or methacrylic acid (MAA). The hydrolysis vessel (200) is used for hydrolyzing acetone cyanohydrine with sulfuric acid to produce a mixture comprising -sulfatoisobutyramide (SIBAM). It comprises at least one cooling system (212; 244) on its internal annular periphery area and it is divided into at least two stages, preferably three, along its vertical wall, each stage (S1 to S3) comprising a ACH feeding inlet (201, 202, 203). Such vessel allows controlling both homogeneity and temperature of the mixture, and thus obtaining a high yield for the hydrolyzing reaction in very safe conditions.

A biological method is for obtaining an MO monomer including an ethylenic unsaturation by bioconversion of a CN compound including at least one nitrile function. The CN compound is at least partially renewable and non-fossil. The biological method includes at least one step of enzymatic bioconversion of the CN compound in the presence of a biocatalyst including at least one enzyme.

A biological method is for obtaining an MO monomer including an ethylenic unsaturation by bioconversion of a CN compound including at least one nitrile function. The CN compound is at least partially renewable and non-fossil. The biological method includes at least one step of enzymatic bioconversion of the CN compound in the presence of a biocatalyst including at least one enzyme.

The present application discloses a method of delivering a protein drug into a cell, including utilization of a cationic lipid analog material. The cationic lipid analog material of the present application has an efficient intracellular delivery of a protein, and is effective for proteins of different molecular weights and charges. Moreover, the biological activity of the protein can still be maintained when the protein is delivered into the cell. At the same time, the ionizable cationic lipid analog material has low toxicity to cells and good biocompatibility, and can be used as delivery carriers for protein drugs.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of Levomilnacipran or salts thereof, compounds useful in the treatment of depression, with high yield.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.