The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediate compounds that can be used to prepare therapeutic conjugates. The invention also provides methods for treating HBV and/or HDV infection in a human by administering a therapeutic conjugate prepared by the synthetic methods of the invention.

The invention provides synthetic processes and synthetic intermediate compounds that can be used to prepare therapeutic conjugates. The invention also provides methods for treating HBV and/or HDV infection in a human by administering a therapeutic conjugate prepared by the synthetic methods of the invention.

A process for the production of ethylene glycol from CO.sub.2, including the steps of: i) reducing CO.sub.2 to CO; ii) reacting the CO produced in step i) with an amine to form an oxamide or an oxamate or with an alcohol to form an oxalate; and iii) reducing the oxamide, oxamate or oxalate formed in step ii) to form ethylene glycol. Also, a process for the production of an oxamide, oxamate or oxalate and a process for the production of polyethylene terephthalate.

A process for the production of ethylene glycol from CO.sub.2, including the steps of: i) reducing CO.sub.2 to CO; ii) reacting the CO produced in step i) with an amine to form an oxamide or an oxamate or with an alcohol to form an oxalate; and iii) reducing the oxamide, oxamate or oxalate formed in step ii) to form ethylene glycol. Also, a process for the production of an oxamide, oxamate or oxalate and a process for the production of polyethylene terephthalate.

A process for the production of ethylene glycol from CO.sub.2, including the steps of: i) reducing CO.sub.2 to CO; ii) reacting the CO produced in step i) with an amine to form an oxamide or an oxamate or with an alcohol to form an oxalate; and iii) reducing the oxamide, oxamate or oxalate formed in step ii) to form ethylene glycol. Also, a process for the production of an oxamide, oxamate or oxalate and a process for the production of polyethylene terephthalate.

A process for the preparation of substituted 3-(1-amino-2-methylpentane-3-yl)phenyl compounds which has advantages over conventional processes with respect to higher conversions and yields, flexibility, a shorter overall route, environmentally acceptable conditions, influence of stereoselectivity such as diastereoselectivity in a targeted manner and at least partial suppression of the formation of undesired side-products and/or undesired stereoisomers, in particular undesired diastereomers.

A process for the preparation of substituted 3-(1-amino-2-methylpentane-3-yl)phenyl compounds which has advantages over conventional processes with respect to higher conversions and yields, flexibility, a shorter overall route, environmentally acceptable conditions, influence of stereoselectivity such as diastereoselectivity in a targeted manner and at least partial suppression of the formation of undesired side-products and/or undesired stereoisomers, in particular undesired diastereomers.

A method for producing acetaminophen may include causing p-nitrophenol to undergo an acetamination reaction to produce the acetaminophen, by passing a solution containing the p-nitrophenol through a column packed with a catalyst while also passing an acetylating agent and hydrogen through the column. The catalyst may be a supported metal catalyst in which a metal element is supported on a synthetic adsorbent, and a reaction temperature of the acetamination reaction is 0° C. to 60° C., and a reaction pressure of the acetamination reaction is 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa. With the method, it is possible to continuously produce acetaminophen safely and inexpensively with high selectivity and good yield, at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure.

A method for producing acetaminophen may include causing p-nitrophenol to undergo an acetamination reaction to produce the acetaminophen, by passing a solution containing the p-nitrophenol through a column packed with a catalyst while also passing an acetylating agent and hydrogen through the column. The catalyst may be a supported metal catalyst in which a metal element is supported on a synthetic adsorbent, and a reaction temperature of the acetamination reaction is 0° C. to 60° C., and a reaction pressure of the acetamination reaction is 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa. With the method, it is possible to continuously produce acetaminophen safely and inexpensively with high selectivity and good yield, at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure.

A method for producing acetaminophen may include causing p-nitrophenol to undergo an acetamination reaction to produce the acetaminophen, by passing a solution containing the p-nitrophenol through a column packed with a catalyst while also passing an acetylating agent and hydrogen through the column. The catalyst may be a supported metal catalyst in which a metal element is supported on a synthetic adsorbent, and a reaction temperature of the acetamination reaction is 0° C. to 60° C., and a reaction pressure of the acetamination reaction is 0.1 MPa to 1 MPa. With the method, it is possible to continuously produce acetaminophen safely and inexpensively with high selectivity and good yield, at a low reaction temperature and a low reaction pressure.