Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Provided are processes for the preparation of (S)-tert-butyl 4,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, enantiomer, mixture of enantiomers, or isotopologue thereof. Also provided are solid forms of various intermediates and products obtained from the processes.

Compositions that include cationic surfactants and methods of synthesizing compositions that include cationic surfactants. The surfactants include a quaternary amine and a saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain with 4 to 28 carbons. The surfactants can be generated by reacting a fatty acid modified with an amino alkyl group and an epihalohydrin in the presence of a base. The cationic surfactants can be generated by reacting a fatty acid modified with an amino alkyl group, an epihalohydrin, and a carboxylic acid. The cationic surfactants can be generated by reacting a carboxylic acid, an epihalohydrin, and a catalyst to afford a halo-substituted alkyl ester, followed by reacting the halo-substituted alky ester with a fatty acid modified with an amino alkyl group.

Compositions that include cationic surfactants and methods of synthesizing compositions that include cationic surfactants. The surfactants include a quaternary amine and a saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain with 4 to 28 carbons. The surfactants can be generated by reacting a fatty acid modified with an amino alkyl group and an epihalohydrin in the presence of a base. The cationic surfactants can be generated by reacting a fatty acid modified with an amino alkyl group, an epihalohydrin, and a carboxylic acid. The cationic surfactants can be generated by reacting a carboxylic acid, an epihalohydrin, and a catalyst to afford a halo-substituted alkyl ester, followed by reacting the halo-substituted alky ester with a fatty acid modified with an amino alkyl group.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a 4,5-dihydroxyisoleucine derivative comprising the steps of asymmetric Claisen rearrangement of a Z-aminocrotyl-glycin ester and subsequent kinetic resolution of the product diastereomer mix by acylase, and subsequent Sharpless dihydroxylation of the resulting 2-amino-3-methylpent-4-enoic acid derivative.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a 4,5-dihydroxyisoleucine derivative comprising the steps of asymmetric Claisen rearrangement of a Z-aminocrotyl-glycin ester and subsequent kinetic resolution of the product diastereomer mix by acylase, and subsequent Sharpless dihydroxylation of the resulting 2-amino-3-methylpent-4-enoic acid derivative.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-N′-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide compound of formula-1 which is represented by the following structural formula: ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-N′-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide compound of formula-1 which is represented by the following structural formula: ##STR00001##

The invention provides novel methods for preparing indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compounds and their synthetic precursors.