The present invention relates to new methods of manufacturing benzoquinoline inhibitors of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and intermediates thereof.

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The present invention relates to new methods of manufacturing benzoquinoline inhibitors of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and intermediates thereof.

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An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a fluorine-containing methylene compound.

The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 represents an organic group, R.sup.A represents hydrogen or fluorine, R.sup.4a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.4b represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5b represents hydrogen or an organic group, and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2 is optionally connected to R.sup.4a to form a ring; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2):

##STR00002## wherein X.sup.1 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, with a compound represented by formula (3):

##STR00003## wherein X.sup.2 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent as desired, under light irradiation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a fluorine-containing methylene compound.

The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 represents an organic group, R.sup.A represents hydrogen or fluorine, R.sup.4a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.4b represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R.sup.5b represents hydrogen or an organic group, and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2 is optionally connected to R.sup.4a to form a ring; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2):

##STR00002## wherein X.sup.1 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, with a compound represented by formula (3):

##STR00003## wherein X.sup.2 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent as desired, under light irradiation.

Described herein, inter alia, are Nurr1 receptor modulators and uses thereof. In an aspect is provided a method for treating a disease associated with dysregulation and/or degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system of a subject in need thereof, the method including administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein.

Described herein, inter alia, are Nurr1 receptor modulators and uses thereof. In an aspect is provided a method for treating a disease associated with dysregulation and/or degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system of a subject in need thereof, the method including administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein.

This disclosure pertains to the preparation of bifunctional compounds (e.g., Compound 1), intermediates in the preparation of such compounds, and preparation of such intermediates.

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This disclosure pertains to the preparation of bifunctional compounds (e.g., Compound 1), intermediates in the preparation of such compounds, and preparation of such intermediates.

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The present invention provides for methyl)-4-amino-2R-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt, a novel process for the preparation of crystalline Form B of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-2R-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt.

The present invention provides for methyl)-4-amino-2R-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt, a novel process for the preparation of crystalline Form B of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-2R-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt.