A process method for producing a pesticide by using carbon dioxide includes: weighing a 1,3-cyclohexanedione substrate 1(a-e), a catalyst and Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 in a Schlenk bottle, degassing, and continuously introducing 1 atm of carbon dioxide; adding a solvent and reacting for 48 h in an oil bath at 50° C. After the reaction was completed, post-treatment was carried out to obtain a 2-carboxyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione compound 2(a-e). The obtained acid is acylated and then added dropwise to a dichloromethane solution containing aniline to react for 2 h at room temperature. After the reaction, column chromatography was performed to obtain a pesticide compound 3(a-e). Adding the pesticide compound 3(a-e) into 50% concentrated sulfuric acid and refluxing at 80° C. for 8 hours. Through separation, a pesticide product compound 4(a-e) was obtained. The process method is simple, with low requirements on equipment, wide sources of raw materials, low cost, low toxicity and easy industrial scale-up production.

A 4-(p-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-3-fluoro-1,2,4-triphenylamine derivative, a pharmaceutical composition and applications thereof are disclosed. The general chemical formula of the derivative is shown in formula I, where, R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heteroatom-containing cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroatom-containing aryl group, the heteroatom is selected from N or O, and the n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. The pharmaceutical composition contains any one of the above-mentioned 4-(p-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-3-fluoro-1,2,4-triphenylamine derivatives as an active ingredient, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The derivative and the pharmaceutical composition activate KCNQ channel currents. Thus, the derivative can be applied to prepare a KCNQ potassium channel opener, and can be used as the active ingredients of an antiepileptic pharmaceutical preparation, an antianxiety pharmaceutical preparation and a neuropathic pain-relieving pharmaceutical preparation.

A 4-(p-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-3-fluoro-1,2,4-triphenylamine derivative, a pharmaceutical composition and applications thereof are disclosed. The general chemical formula of the derivative is shown in formula I, where, R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heteroatom-containing cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroatom-containing aryl group, the heteroatom is selected from N or O, and the n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. The pharmaceutical composition contains any one of the above-mentioned 4-(p-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-3-fluoro-1,2,4-triphenylamine derivatives as an active ingredient, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The derivative and the pharmaceutical composition activate KCNQ channel currents. Thus, the derivative can be applied to prepare a KCNQ potassium channel opener, and can be used as the active ingredients of an antiepileptic pharmaceutical preparation, an antianxiety pharmaceutical preparation and a neuropathic pain-relieving pharmaceutical preparation.

A method of making N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-nitrobenzamide from a mixture of 2,4-dinitroaniline, 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride, and solid acid catalyst in an organic solvent, wherein the solid acid catalyst is not soluble in the organic solvent, the solid acid catalyst being an acidic clay, an ion exchange resin, a beta zeolite, a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer, or some mixture of these.

A method of making N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-nitrobenzamide from a mixture of 2,4-dinitroaniline, 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride, and solid acid catalyst in an organic solvent, wherein the solid acid catalyst is not soluble in the organic solvent, the solid acid catalyst being an acidic clay, an ion exchange resin, a beta zeolite, a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer, or some mixture of these.

The present invention refers to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R is (C.sub.3-C.sub.10)alkyl, or ω-trifluoro(C.sub.3-C.sub.10)alkyl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) alkylthio, halo, trifluoromethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; or one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is in ortho position to the R—O— group and, taken together with the same R—O—, represents a Formula (A) group where R.sub.0 is (C.sub.2-C.sub.9)alkyl; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are, independently, hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl; or R.sub.4 is hydrogen and R.sub.5 is a group selected from —CH.sub.2—OH, —CH.sub.2—O—(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, —CH(CH.sub.3)—OH, —(CH.sub.2).sub.2—S—CH.sub.3, benzyl and 4-hydroxybenzyl; or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, taken together with the adjacent carbon atom, form a (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl residue; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; or taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom form a 5-6 membered monocyclic saturated heterocycle, optionally containing one additional heteroatom chosen among —O—, —S— and —NR.sub.7— where R.sub.7 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkyl; and wherein optionally one or more hydrogen atom in the groups R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, preferably in the R group, can be substituted by a deuterium atom.

##STR00001##

The present invention refers to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein R is (C.sub.3-C.sub.10)alkyl, or ω-trifluoro(C.sub.3-C.sub.10)alkyl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) alkylthio, halo, trifluoromethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; or one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is in ortho position to the R—O— group and, taken together with the same R—O—, represents a Formula (A) group where R.sub.0 is (C.sub.2-C.sub.9)alkyl; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are, independently, hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl; or R.sub.4 is hydrogen and R.sub.5 is a group selected from —CH.sub.2—OH, —CH.sub.2—O—(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, —CH(CH.sub.3)—OH, —(CH.sub.2).sub.2—S—CH.sub.3, benzyl and 4-hydroxybenzyl; or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, taken together with the adjacent carbon atom, form a (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)cycloalkyl residue; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; or taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom form a 5-6 membered monocyclic saturated heterocycle, optionally containing one additional heteroatom chosen among —O—, —S— and —NR.sub.7— where R.sub.7 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkyl; and wherein optionally one or more hydrogen atom in the groups R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, preferably in the R group, can be substituted by a deuterium atom.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure discloses a rosin-based small molecular weight hydrogelator and an application thereof, and belongs to the fields of supramolecular chemistry, surfactant science and chemical utilization of rosin. The rosin-based small molecular hydrogel of the present disclosure can gel water at a very low concentration, and the critical gelling concentration is only 0.176 wt %. On average, each gelling agent molecule can hold 13,889 water molecules, which exhibits extremely high gel efficiency and the formed small molecular hydrogel also exhibits extremely high stability. This small molecule hydrogel is derived from the natural product rosin and has a mild nature. It can be used in the fields of drug sustained-release, tissue engineering, daily chemicals, medicine and so on. At the same time, the rosin-based small molecular hydrogel 6-dehydroabietylamide amine oxide in the present disclosure can form a stable gel emulsion for most oils, and can be used in many fields such as food, medicine, daily chemicals, tissue engineering, environmental protection, and water pollution control.

The present disclosure discloses a rosin-based small molecular weight hydrogelator and an application thereof, and belongs to the fields of supramolecular chemistry, surfactant science and chemical utilization of rosin. The rosin-based small molecular hydrogel of the present disclosure can gel water at a very low concentration, and the critical gelling concentration is only 0.176 wt %. On average, each gelling agent molecule can hold 13,889 water molecules, which exhibits extremely high gel efficiency and the formed small molecular hydrogel also exhibits extremely high stability. This small molecule hydrogel is derived from the natural product rosin and has a mild nature. It can be used in the fields of drug sustained-release, tissue engineering, daily chemicals, medicine and so on. At the same time, the rosin-based small molecular hydrogel 6-dehydroabietylamide amine oxide in the present disclosure can form a stable gel emulsion for most oils, and can be used in many fields such as food, medicine, daily chemicals, tissue engineering, environmental protection, and water pollution control.

This invention provides for a flow synthesis process for producing Oseltamivir and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof from shikimic acid in particular but not exclusively to a flow synthesis process for producing Oseltamivir phosphate from shikimic acid in a nine-step flow synthesis that provides for superior reaction times and product yields compared to known methods.