Disclosed are methods for preparing compounds of Formula 1 and 1A. The first method utilizes a benzyl carbamate amine protecting group and an intermediate of Formula 4. The second method utilizes a tert-butyl carbamate amine protecting group and an intermediate of Formula 7. The third method utilizes a dibenzyl amine protecting group.

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Also disclosed is a compound, phenylmethyl N-12-oxo-2-[(2,2.2-trifluoroeihyl)amino]ethyl]carbamate (a compound of Formula 4).

Further disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of Formula 14 from a compound of Formula 15 and a compound of Formula 1 or 1A.

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Disclosed are methods for preparing compounds of Formula 1 and 1A. The first method utilizes a benzyl carbamate amine protecting group and an intermediate of Formula 4. The second method utilizes a tert-butyl carbamate amine protecting group and an intermediate of Formula 7. The third method utilizes a dibenzyl amine protecting group.

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##STR00002##

##STR00003##

##STR00004##

Also disclosed is a compound, phenylmethyl N-12-oxo-2-[(2,2.2-trifluoroeihyl)amino]ethyl]carbamate (a compound of Formula 4).

Further disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of Formula 14 from a compound of Formula 15 and a compound of Formula 1 or 1A.

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This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced. ##STR00001## In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced. ##STR00001## In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.

The present application provides ligands and fluorescent or luminescent complexes comprising these ligands.

The present application provides ligands and fluorescent or luminescent complexes comprising these ligands.

There is described a method of reducing polymer tar build-up in the production of methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid by the acetone cyanohydrin process. In the method a stabiliser is contacted with the amide stage reaction medium. The stabiliser includes a hydrocarbon moiety capable of donating a labile hydrogen atom to a methacrylamide derivative capable of reaction with said labile hydrogen atom under the conditions in the said medium. The method herein is especially useful for the continuous production of methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid.

There is described a method of reducing polymer tar build-up in the production of methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid by the acetone cyanohydrin process. In the method a stabiliser is contacted with the amide stage reaction medium. The stabiliser includes a hydrocarbon moiety capable of donating a labile hydrogen atom to a methacrylamide derivative capable of reaction with said labile hydrogen atom under the conditions in the said medium. The method herein is especially useful for the continuous production of methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid.

Compounds of formula (VII), which are useful as inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and/or tryptophan dioxygenase, are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits comprising said compounds, and methods and uses pertaining to said compounds.

Compounds of formula (VII), which are useful as inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and/or tryptophan dioxygenase, are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits comprising said compounds, and methods and uses pertaining to said compounds.