A novel compound for a capping layer, and an organic light-emitting device containing the same are disclosed.

To provide a compound highly active against pests, a pesticide using the compound, and a method for controlling pests by applying the compound. A phenoxyalkylbenzamide compound represented by the formula (I) or its salt; a pesticide containing it as an active ingredient, and a controlling method, which comprises applying an effective amount of the compound: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, Y and R.sup.3 are a hydrogen atom or the like, and Ar is as follows: ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.7 are halogen or the like, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are a hydrogen atom or the like, m is from 0 to 5, and n is from 0 to 3.

To provide a compound highly active against pests, a pesticide using the compound, and a method for controlling pests by applying the compound. A phenoxyalkylbenzamide compound represented by the formula (I) or its salt; a pesticide containing it as an active ingredient, and a controlling method, which comprises applying an effective amount of the compound: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, Y and R.sup.3 are a hydrogen atom or the like, and Ar is as follows: ##STR00002##
wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.7 are halogen or the like, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are a hydrogen atom or the like, m is from 0 to 5, and n is from 0 to 3.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:
X-A.sub.1-Y-A.sub.2-Z-L-R(I)
which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:
X-A.sub.1-Y-A.sub.2-Z-L-R(I)
which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, o, p, q, and r are the same as defined in the detailed description.

A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, o, p, q, and r are the same as defined in the detailed description.

The present invention provides a therapy for treating loss of GABA-mediated pre-synaptic inhibition after spinal injury. The therapeutic regimen includes spinal segment-specific upregulation of GAD65 (glutamate decarboxylase) and VGAT (vesicular GABA transporter) to modulate chronic spasticity in patients after spinal traumatic or ischemic injury.

A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, o, p, q, and r are the same as defined in the detailed description.

The invention provides compounds having the general Formula (I);

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the variables R.sup.A, R.sup.AA, subscript n, subscript q, ring A, X.sup.2, L, subscript m, X.sup.1, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, D and E have the meaning as described herein, and compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds and compositions.