The present invention refers to a new process for preparing levomilnacipran, in particular to a process for the resolution of racemic tw-milnacipran with a derivative of optically active phenylglycine.

The present invention refers to a new process for preparing levomilnacipran, in particular to a process for the resolution of racemic tw-milnacipran with a derivative of optically active phenylglycine.

The present invention refers to a new process for preparing levomilnacipran, in particular to a process for the resolution of racemic tw-milnacipran with a derivative of optically active phenylglycine.

The invention provides compounds and methods, for example, to carry out organocatalytic Michael additions of aldehydes to cyclically constrained nitroethylene compounds catalyzed by a proline derivative to provide cyclically constrained α-substituted-γ-nitro-aldehydes. The reaction can be rendered enantioselective when a chiral pyrrolidine catalyst is used, allowing for Michael adducts in nearly optically pure form (e.g., 96 to >99% e.e.). The Michael adducts can bear a single substituent or dual substituents adjacent to the carbonyl. The Michael adducts can be efficiently converted to cyclically constrained protected γ-amino acid residues, which are essential for systematic conformational studies of γ-peptide foldamers. New methods are also provided to prepare other γ-amino acids and peptides. These new building blocks can be used to prepare foldamers, such as α/γ-peptide foldamers, that adopt specific helical conformations in solution and in the solid state.

The invention provides compounds and methods, for example, to carry out organocatalytic Michael additions of aldehydes to cyclically constrained nitroethylene compounds catalyzed by a proline derivative to provide cyclically constrained α-substituted-γ-nitro-aldehydes. The reaction can be rendered enantioselective when a chiral pyrrolidine catalyst is used, allowing for Michael adducts in nearly optically pure form (e.g., 96 to >99% e.e.). The Michael adducts can bear a single substituent or dual substituents adjacent to the carbonyl. The Michael adducts can be efficiently converted to cyclically constrained protected γ-amino acid residues, which are essential for systematic conformational studies of γ-peptide foldamers. New methods are also provided to prepare other γ-amino acids and peptides. These new building blocks can be used to prepare foldamers, such as α/γ-peptide foldamers, that adopt specific helical conformations in solution and in the solid state.

The specification generally relates to compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where A, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the meanings defined herein. Such compounds are modulators of RXFP1 and may be useful as therapeutic agents. The specification also relates to the use of such compounds to treat or prevent diseases and conditions including heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. The specification further relates to compositions comprising such compounds, intermediates useful in processes for preparing such compounds, and processes for preparing such compounds using such intermediates.

Compounds of the formula I ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, q and W have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system injury and different forms of inflammation.

Compounds of the formula I ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, q and W have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system injury and different forms of inflammation.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein U, J, V, X, R.sup.1a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.5 and t are as described herein. The present invention relates generally to inhibitors of histone deacetylase and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for promoting cognitive function and enhancing learning and memory formation. In addition, these compounds are useful for treating, alleviating, and/or preventing various conditions, including for example, neurological disorders, memory and cognitive function disorders/impairments, extinction learning disorders, fungal diseases and infections, inflammatory diseases, hematological diseases, and neoplastic diseases in humans and animals.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein U, J, V, X, R.sup.1a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.5 and t are as described herein. The present invention relates generally to inhibitors of histone deacetylase and to methods of making and using them. These compounds are useful for promoting cognitive function and enhancing learning and memory formation. In addition, these compounds are useful for treating, alleviating, and/or preventing various conditions, including for example, neurological disorders, memory and cognitive function disorders/impairments, extinction learning disorders, fungal diseases and infections, inflammatory diseases, hematological diseases, and neoplastic diseases in humans and animals.