The present invention provides a thermally conductive material having excellent thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the present invention provides a device with a thermally conductive layer that has a thermally conductive layer containing the thermally conductive material and a composition for forming a thermally conductive material that is used for forming the thermally conductive material. The thermally conductive material according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a cured substance of a disk-like compound, which has one or more reactive functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid anhydride group, an amino group, a cyanate ester group, and a thiol group, and a crosslinking compound which has a group reacting with the reactive functional groups.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising cyanate based compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte comprising at least two electrolyte co-solvents, wherein at least one electrolyte co-solvent comprises a cyanate based compound.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising cyanate based compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte comprising at least two electrolyte co-solvents, wherein at least one electrolyte co-solvent comprises a cyanate based compound.

The present invention provides a novel cyanate ester compound which has excellent solvent solubility and from which a hardened product having a low coefficiency of thermal expansion and excellent flame retardancy and heat resistance is obtained. The present invention is a cyanate ester compound obtained by cyanating a naphthol-dihydroxynaphthalene aralkyl resin or a dihydroxynaphthalene aralkyl resin.

The present invention provides a novel cyanate ester compound which has excellent solvent solubility and from which a hardened product having a low coefficiency of thermal expansion and excellent flame retardancy and heat resistance is obtained. The present invention is a cyanate ester compound obtained by cyanating a naphthol-dihydroxynaphthalene aralkyl resin or a dihydroxynaphthalene aralkyl resin.

A material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, in which a compound represented by the following formula (0) is used. ##STR00001##
(in formula (0), each X independently represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, or a non-crosslinked state, R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a single bond, each R.sup.0 independently represents a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a straight, branched or cyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group, a halogen group, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group or a hydroxyl group, the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group each optionally include a cyanato group, a thiol group, a halogen group, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each m.sub.1 is independently an integer of 0 to 4, in which at least one m.sub.1 is an integer of 1 to 4, each m.sub.2 is independently an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and each p is independently 0 or 1.)

A material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, in which a compound represented by the following formula (0) is used. ##STR00001##
(in formula (0), each X independently represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, or a non-crosslinked state, R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a single bond, each R.sup.0 independently represents a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a straight, branched or cyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group, a halogen group, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group or a hydroxyl group, the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group each optionally include a cyanato group, a thiol group, a halogen group, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each m.sub.1 is independently an integer of 0 to 4, in which at least one m.sub.1 is an integer of 1 to 4, each m.sub.2 is independently an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and each p is independently 0 or 1.)

The composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by a specific formula (1) and 20 to 99% by mass of a solvent component (S), in which 27 to 100% by mass of the compound represented by the formula (1) is included in a component (A) other than the solvent component (S).

The composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by a specific formula (1) and 20 to 99% by mass of a solvent component (S), in which 27 to 100% by mass of the compound represented by the formula (1) is included in a component (A) other than the solvent component (S).

A method for converting vanillin to bis(cyanate) ester monomers, comprising treating vanillin with a reductive coupling agent to form at least one olefin. The olefin or olefins are treated with hydrogen and a metal catalyst to hydrogenate said olefin. The hydrogenated olefin or olefins are treated with at least one cyanogen halide and a base in an organic solvent to afford at least one olefin monomer. The olefin monomer or monomers are purified by recrystallization or precipitation from an organic solvent.