The present invention relates to a process for thermally separating a mixture comprising a first main component and a second main component, where the boiling point of the first main component is lower than the boiling point of the second main components. The invention further relates to a system for thermal separation comprising a computer for control of the thermal separation which is set up to control the process of the invention. By means of predetermined thermodynamic models, pressure and temperature data are used to ascertain the proportions of first and second main component in bottom product streams.

The invention relates to a method for operating a production plant for producing a chemical product (1) by reacting a H-functional reactant (2) with phosgene (3) during an interruption in production when taking at least one plant part of the production plant out of operation, wherein low-oxygen and oxygen-rich phosgene-containing exhaust gas flows are directed separately from one another in different phosgene decomposition directions and separately from one another—at spatially different points—into a combustion device, wherein plant parts that have not been taken out of operation are operated in a closed-circuit operating mode. The invention also relates to a production plant for producing a chemical product by reacting H-functional reactants with phosgene, which is suitable for being operated with the method according to the invention.

The invention relates to a method for operating a production plant for producing a chemical product (1) by reacting a H-functional reactant (2) with phosgene (3) during an interruption in production when taking at least one plant part of the production plant out of operation, wherein low-oxygen and oxygen-rich phosgene-containing exhaust gas flows are directed separately from one another in different phosgene decomposition directions and separately from one another—at spatially different points—into a combustion device, wherein plant parts that have not been taken out of operation are operated in a closed-circuit operating mode. The invention also relates to a production plant for producing a chemical product by reacting H-functional reactants with phosgene, which is suitable for being operated with the method according to the invention.

The method for producing pentamethylene diisocyanate includes a reaction step, in which carbonyl chloride is allowed to react with pentamethylenediamine to produce a reaction mixture containing pentamethylene diisocyanate and a tar component containing a chlorine-containing component; a heating step, in which the reaction mixture is heated; and a purification step, in which the reaction mixture after the heating step is purified to separate the pentamethylene diisocyanate from the tar component, wherein in the heating step, the reaction mixture is heated without removing the tar component from the reaction mixture.

The method for producing pentamethylene diisocyanate includes a reaction step, in which carbonyl chloride is allowed to react with pentamethylenediamine to produce a reaction mixture containing pentamethylene diisocyanate and a tar component containing a chlorine-containing component; a heating step, in which the reaction mixture is heated; and a purification step, in which the reaction mixture after the heating step is purified to separate the pentamethylene diisocyanate from the tar component, wherein in the heating step, the reaction mixture is heated without removing the tar component from the reaction mixture.

Biobased diisocyanates are derived from 3-petadecyl phenol, which is derived from Cardanol harvested from cashew nutshell liquid food waste. The biobased diisocyanates are of the formulas: ##STR00001##
wherein R is an alkyl chain C.sub.15H.sub.31 (n-pentadecyl); R.sub.1=CH.sub.3 or COCH.sub.3; and R.sub.2 is an alkylene of from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

Biobased diisocyanates are derived from 3-petadecyl phenol, which is derived from Cardanol harvested from cashew nutshell liquid food waste. The biobased diisocyanates are of the formulas: ##STR00001##
wherein R is an alkyl chain C.sub.15H.sub.31 (n-pentadecyl); R.sub.1=CH.sub.3 or COCH.sub.3; and R.sub.2 is an alkylene of from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

The present invention provides a method for producing a carbamate that includes a step (1) and a step (2) described below: (1) a step of producing a compound (A) having a urea linkage, using an organic primary amine having at least one primary amino group per molecule and at least one compound selected from among carbon dioxide and carbonic acid derivatives, at a temperature lower than the thermal dissociation temperature of the urea linkage; and (2) a step of reacting the compound (A) with a carbonate ester to produce a carbamate.

The present invention provides a method for producing a carbamate that includes a step (1) and a step (2) described below: (1) a step of producing a compound (A) having a urea linkage, using an organic primary amine having at least one primary amino group per molecule and at least one compound selected from among carbon dioxide and carbonic acid derivatives, at a temperature lower than the thermal dissociation temperature of the urea linkage; and (2) a step of reacting the compound (A) with a carbonate ester to produce a carbamate.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a suspension of a hydrochloride of an organic amine, comprising the following steps of (i) initially charging at least one organic solvent in a reaction vessel to form a liquid level, (ii) adding hydrogen chloride, (iii) adding the organic amine, wherein the organic amine is added below the liquid level present in the reaction vessel and steps (ii) and (iii) are at least partly carried out simultaneously. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method wherein the suspension obtained after step (iii) is reacted in a step (iv) with phosgene to obtain the organic isocyanate corresponding to the organic amine used, to the corresponding organic isocyanate and to the use of the organic isocyanate for producing polyisocyanates.