Provided are a fluorine-containing monomer soluble in a hydrocarbon-based solvent as well as excellent in water and oil repellence, and a manufacturing method therefor. The fluorine-containing monomer is a carboxylic acid ester/carbamate compound having a polymerizable functional group and a fluorine atom group, and represented by the following general formula: C.sub.aF.sub.2a+1O(C.sub.bF.sub.2bO).sub.cC.sub.2F.sub.4COOZ(CONHR).sub.d. The method for manufacturing the carboxylic acid ester/carbamate compound is comprised of the steps of making an isocyanate compound having a polymerizable functional group react with an alcohol such as a polyalkylene glycol, a cycloalkane dimethanol, or a polyhydric alcohol to produce a hydroxycarbamate, and subsequently making the resulting hydroxycarbamate react with a perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid halide.

Novel urethane-acrylate (UAC) Star monomers and polyurethane-acrylate (PUAC) aerogel polymers derived therefrom are described herein, along with other novel, related monomers and polymers. Also described herein are processes for preparing the UAC Star monomers, the PUAC aerogel polymers, and the other related monomers and polymers. The PUAC and related polymers herein are useful in various applications including in structural and thermal insulation.

The present invention relates to ammonium salts of formula (I)

##STR00001##

where R=H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3; n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5; m=2, 3; R, R, R=CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3; R.sup.IV=H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 and X=monovalent counterion, to a process for their production and to the use thereof.

The present invention relates to ammonium salts of formula (I)

##STR00001##

where R=H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3; n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5; m=2, 3; R, R, R=CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3; R.sup.IV=H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2CH.sub.3 and X=monovalent counterion, to a process for their production and to the use thereof.