The present invention relates to peptide modifier compounds of Formula (1), or a salt thereof, wherein: a is an integer from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 3; b is an integer from 0 to 7; Z is a terminal group and Y is a bivalent group. Further aspects of the invention relate to intermediates in the preparation of compounds of Formula (1), and the use of compounds of Formula 1 in the synthesis of peptide derivatives. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N.sup.6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tert-butyl N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods of preparing N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)lysine, N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine, and N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-D-lysine. Also disclosed herein are the compounds tert-butyl N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N.sup.6-((2-chloroethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysinate and tert-butyl N.sup.6-((2-azidoethoxy)carbonyl)-N.sup.2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-lysinate, and uses thereof.

A method is provided for collecting a compound of formula (III) (in which R31 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n31 is an integer of 1 to 3) from a liquid phase component that is formed as a by-product in a method for producing a compound of general formula (I) (in which R11 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n11 is an integer of 1 to 3), wherein the collection method contains steps (1) to (3) or steps (A) and (B), and step (4). Step (1): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with at least one active hydrogen-containing compound in a reactor. Step (2): a step for returning a condensed liquid obtained by cooling gas phase components in the reactor to the reactor. Step (3): a step for discharging gas phase components that are not condensed in the step (2) to the outside of the reactor. Step (A): a step for mixing the liquid phase component, water, and a compound of general formula (III). Step (B): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with water inside the reactor. Step (4): a step for discharging, as a liquid phase component inside the reactor, the reaction liquid containing the compound of general formula (III) to the outside of the reactor.

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A method is provided for collecting a compound of formula (III) (in which R31 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n31 is an integer of 1 to 3) from a liquid phase component that is formed as a by-product in a method for producing a compound of general formula (I) (in which R11 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n11 is an integer of 1 to 3), wherein the collection method contains steps (1) to (3) or steps (A) and (B), and step (4). Step (1): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with at least one active hydrogen-containing compound in a reactor. Step (2): a step for returning a condensed liquid obtained by cooling gas phase components in the reactor to the reactor. Step (3): a step for discharging gas phase components that are not condensed in the step (2) to the outside of the reactor. Step (A): a step for mixing the liquid phase component, water, and a compound of general formula (III). Step (B): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with water inside the reactor. Step (4): a step for discharging, as a liquid phase component inside the reactor, the reaction liquid containing the compound of general formula (III) to the outside of the reactor.

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A method for capturing CO.sub.2 comprising dissolving at least one pure amino acid (AA) in water without the use of a catalyst for establishing protonation of an amino group of the amino acid, adding at least one base solution to the amino acid and water solution to deprotonate the protonated amino group of the amino acid and forming an amino acid-XOH—H.sub.2O wherein X is sodium or potassium, and subjecting CO.sub.2 to the amino acid-XOH—H.sub.2O to form new nanomaterials is provided. A regenerable nanofiber is disclosed comprising a NaHCO.sub.3 nanofiber, a KHCO.sub.3 nanofiber, or an amino acid nanofiber made from subjecting a CO.sub.2 gas to an amino acid aqueous solvent. Preferably, the amino acid aqueous solvent is one or more of a Gly-NaOH—H.sub.2O, an Ala-NaOH—H.sub.2O, a Phe-NaOH—H.sub.2O, a Gly-KOH—H.sub.2O, an Ala-KOH—H.sub.2O, and a Phe-KOH—H.sub.2O.

A method for capturing CO.sub.2 comprising dissolving at least one pure amino acid (AA) in water without the use of a catalyst for establishing protonation of an amino group of the amino acid, adding at least one base solution to the amino acid and water solution to deprotonate the protonated amino group of the amino acid and forming an amino acid-XOH—H.sub.2O wherein X is sodium or potassium, and subjecting CO.sub.2 to the amino acid-XOH—H.sub.2O to form new nanomaterials is provided. A regenerable nanofiber is disclosed comprising a NaHCO.sub.3 nanofiber, a KHCO.sub.3 nanofiber, or an amino acid nanofiber made from subjecting a CO.sub.2 gas to an amino acid aqueous solvent. Preferably, the amino acid aqueous solvent is one or more of a Gly-NaOH—H.sub.2O, an Ala-NaOH—H.sub.2O, a Phe-NaOH—H.sub.2O, a Gly-KOH—H.sub.2O, an Ala-KOH—H.sub.2O, and a Phe-KOH—H.sub.2O.

A chemical blowing agent is described that includes at least one tertiary alkyl carbamate. The chemical blowing agent can be activated thermally and is suitable for foaming thermoplastic materials and can, for example, be incorporated into thermally expandable baffle and/or reinforcement elements, which can be used in automotive manufacturing and building insulation.

A chemical blowing agent is described that includes at least one tertiary alkyl carbamate. The chemical blowing agent can be activated thermally and is suitable for foaming thermoplastic materials and can, for example, be incorporated into thermally expandable baffle and/or reinforcement elements, which can be used in automotive manufacturing and building insulation.

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of crystalline anhydrous compound of Formula (X), Further, the present invention relates to the use of compound of Formula (X) preparation of Raltegravir (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

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