There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution, a tertiary amine solution, and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution into flow channels different from each other to cause the respective solutions to flow inside the respective flow channels, joining the respective solutions that flow inside the respective flow channels simultaneously or sequentially so that a reaction between phosgene and an active hydrogen-containing compound occurs, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution, in which a non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a solvent of each of the respective solutions and a compound having a cyclic structure is used as the tertiary amine; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

There are provided a method of producing a carbonyl compound by a flow type reaction, including introducing a triphosgene solution, a tertiary amine solution, and an active hydrogen-containing compound solution into flow channels different from each other to cause the respective solutions to flow inside the respective flow channels, joining the respective solutions that flow inside the respective flow channels simultaneously or sequentially so that a reaction between phosgene and an active hydrogen-containing compound occurs, and obtaining a carbonyl compound in a joining solution, in which a non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a solvent of each of the respective solutions and a compound having a cyclic structure is used as the tertiary amine; and a flow type reaction system that is suitable for carrying out this production method.

The present application provides processes for synthesizing targeting molecules of Formula (I) comprising a retinoid moiety useful in the synthesis of fat-soluble compounds for targeting and enhancing activity of therapeutic molecules, including siRNA.

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The present application provides processes for synthesizing targeting molecules of Formula (I) comprising a retinoid moiety useful in the synthesis of fat-soluble compounds for targeting and enhancing activity of therapeutic molecules, including siRNA.

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An isocyanate production method is characterized by having: a carbamation step in which a carbonic acid ester, an inorganic acid salt of an amino acid derivative, and a basic compound are reacted to obtain a reaction mixture containing a carbamic acid ester derived from the carbonic acid ester, a hydroxy compound derived from the carbonic acid ester, and the carbonic acid ester; and a thermal decomposition step in which the carbamic acid ester is subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction to obtain an isocyanate.

An isocyanate production method is characterized by having: a carbamation step in which a carbonic acid ester, an inorganic acid salt of an amino acid derivative, and a basic compound are reacted to obtain a reaction mixture containing a carbamic acid ester derived from the carbonic acid ester, a hydroxy compound derived from the carbonic acid ester, and the carbonic acid ester; and a thermal decomposition step in which the carbamic acid ester is subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction to obtain an isocyanate.

A process for the preparation of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine is provided. The process requires no chromatography purification and affords the (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in eight steps with a 26% overall yield and greater than 97% purity.

A process for the preparation of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine is provided. The process requires no chromatography purification and affords the (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in eight steps with a 26% overall yield and greater than 97% purity.

It was discovered that a cyclic sulfamidate can be produced by reacting an amino acid derivative with a cyclization reagent. In addition, it was discovered that an O-substituted serine derivative can be produced by reacting a cyclic sulfamidate with an alcohol.

It was discovered that a cyclic sulfamidate can be produced by reacting an amino acid derivative with a cyclization reagent. In addition, it was discovered that an O-substituted serine derivative can be produced by reacting a cyclic sulfamidate with an alcohol.