The present invention relates to peptide modifier compounds of Formula (1), or a salt thereof, wherein: a is an integer from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 3; b is an integer from 0 to 7; Z is a terminal group and Y is a bivalent group. Further aspects of the invention relate to intermediates in the preparation of compounds of Formula (1), and the use of compounds of Formula 1 in the synthesis of peptide derivatives.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to peptide modifier compounds of Formula (1), or a salt thereof, wherein: a is an integer from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 3; b is an integer from 0 to 7; Z is a terminal group and Y is a bivalent group. Further aspects of the invention relate to intermediates in the preparation of compounds of Formula (1), and the use of compounds of Formula 1 in the synthesis of peptide derivatives.

##STR00001##

A method for forming a solution of ammonium carbamate is provided herein. The method includes, but is not limited to, providing a reactor comprising a solution of ammonia. The method further includes, but is not limited to, feeding carbon dioxide through the solution of ammonia to form a mixture. The method further includes, but is not limited to, combining a solution of sodium hydroxide and the mixture to form the ammonium carbamate.

A method for forming a solution of ammonium carbamate is provided herein. The method includes, but is not limited to, providing a reactor comprising a solution of ammonia. The method further includes, but is not limited to, feeding carbon dioxide through the solution of ammonia to form a mixture. The method further includes, but is not limited to, combining a solution of sodium hydroxide and the mixture to form the ammonium carbamate.

The present invention relates to a method of treating cataplexy in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of certain carbamate compounds.

The present invention relates to a method of treating cataplexy in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of certain carbamate compounds.

An organic amine salt compounds of general formula A.sup.n[B.sup.m+].sub.p (I) is disclosed, wherein A.sup.n is a CO.sub.2-donating anion with a valence of n, wherein n=1, 2 or 3; each B.sup.m+ comprises: ammonium ion, hydrazinium ion and/or organic amine B cation; wherein

[00001]$m=1.Math.\text{-}.Math.10;0<p\frac{n}{m};$

and wherein A.sup.n is one or more selected from a group consisting of following anions: (a) carbamate orcarbazate; (b) carbonate; (c) formate; (d) bicarbonate; (e) organic monocarbonate; (f) organic poly-carbamate; (g) orthoformate; or (h) organic poly-carbonate. The compound of general formula (I) has at least one of hydroxyalkyl group linked to N atom, i.e., has alkanolamine residue. They can be used as polyurethane foaming agent, and most of them can be used as polystyrene foaming agent or polyvinyl choride foaming agent.

An organic amine salt compounds of general formula A.sup.n[B.sup.m+].sub.p (I) is disclosed, wherein A.sup.n is a CO.sub.2-donating anion with a valence of n, wherein n=1, 2 or 3; each B.sup.m+ comprises: ammonium ion, hydrazinium ion and/or organic amine B cation; wherein

[00001]$m=1.Math.\text{-}.Math.10;0<p\frac{n}{m};$

and wherein A.sup.n is one or more selected from a group consisting of following anions: (a) carbamate orcarbazate; (b) carbonate; (c) formate; (d) bicarbonate; (e) organic monocarbonate; (f) organic poly-carbamate; (g) orthoformate; or (h) organic poly-carbonate. The compound of general formula (I) has at least one of hydroxyalkyl group linked to N atom, i.e., has alkanolamine residue. They can be used as polyurethane foaming agent, and most of them can be used as polystyrene foaming agent or polyvinyl choride foaming agent.

In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a process for separating an amine compound or a conjugate acid thereof and a carbamate compound or a conjugate acid thereof from a mixture having the amine compound, the carbamate compound, carbon dioxide and at least one anionic contaminant salt using an anionic exchange column, the process including passing the mixture through the column to obtain a first effluent and passing through the column an extraction fluid to obtain a second effluent, where the extraction fluid most preferably includes carbonic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a process for separating an amine compound or a conjugate acid thereof and a carbamate compound or a conjugate acid thereof from a mixture having the amine compound, the carbamate compound, carbon dioxide and at least one anionic contaminant salt using an anionic exchange column, the process including passing the mixture through the column to obtain a first effluent and passing through the column an extraction fluid to obtain a second effluent, where the extraction fluid most preferably includes carbonic acid.