Tertiary amine catalysts having isocyanate reactive groups that are capable of forming thermally stable covalent bonds able to withstand temperatures up to 120 C. are disclosed. These catalyst can be used to produce polyurethane foam having the following desirable characteristics: a) very low chemical emissions over a wide range of environmental conditions and isocyanate indexes (e.g., indexes as low as 65 but higher than 60) while meeting all physical property requirements; b) sufficient hydrolytic stability to maintain the catalyst covalently bound to foam without leaching of tertiary amine catalyst when foam is exposed to water or aqueous solutions even at temperatures higher than ambient (temperature range 25 C. to 90 C.); and c) stable contact interface between the polyurethane polymer and other polymers (for example polycarbonate) with minimal migration of tertiary amine catalyst from polyurethane polymer to other polymers yielding no noticeable polymer deterioration at the point of contact even under conditions of heat and humidity.

The present invention provides a process of producing a trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluoromethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein
A is an aryl or heteroaryl, each with or without subsutitution; and
R.sub.1 is H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), -(alkylaryl), -(alkylheteroaryl), NH-(alkyl), N(alkyl).sub.2, NH-(alkenyl), NH-(alkynyl) NH-(aryl), NH-(heteroaryl), O-(alkyl), O-(alkenyl), O-(alkynyl), O-(aryl), O-(heteroaryl); S-(alkyl), S-(alkenyl), S-(alkynyl), S-(aryl), or S-(heteroaryl), comprising:
(a) reacting a compound having the structure:

##STR00002##

with a trifluoromethylating agent in the presence of a base in a first suitable solvent under conditions to produce a compound having the structure:

##STR00003##

and
(b) maintaining the compound produced in step (a) in a second suitable solvent under conditions sufficient to produce the trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluormethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00004##

Monoisocyanate impurities are removed from a process stream obtained when solvent is separated from a polyisocyanate product. The monoisocyanates are reacted with amine compounds at specific molar ratios to produce ureas. The ureas can be discarded by burning, landfilling or otherwise. Alternatively the ureas can be recycled back into the polyisocyanate manufacturing process, where they are formed into biuret compounds that can remain with the polyisocyanate product.

The present invention relates to a benzamide derivative of general formula I, a drug composition containing same and a use thereof as a drug, wherein the definitions of R.sub.1, Z and Q are as described in the description.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are gemini surfactants, and methods for making and using these gemini surfactants. These gemini surfactants may be incorporated in paints and coatings to provide hydrophilic and/or self-cleaning properties.

Tertiary amine catalysts having isocyanate reactive groups that are capable of forming thermally stable covalent bonds able to withstand temperatures up to 120 C. are disclosed. These catalyst can be used to produce polyurethane foam having the following desirable characteristics: a) very low chemical emissions over a wide range of environmental conditions and isocyanate indexes (e.g. indexes as low as 65 but higher than 60) while meeting all physical property requirements; b) sufficient hydrolytic stability to maintain the catalyst covalently bound to foam without leaching of tertiary amine catalyst when foam is exposed to water or aqueous solutions even at temperatures higher than ambient (temperature range 25 C. to 90 C.); and c) stable contact interface between the polyurethane polymer and other polymers (for example polycarbonate) with minimal migration of tertiary amine catalyst from polyurethane polymer to other polymers yielding no noticeable polymer deterioration at the point of contact even under conditions of heat and humidity.

Organic isocyanates are converted to ureas by heating in the presence of certain cobalt, magnesium, chromium and lanthanide series organometallic catalysts. The process requires no water or other reactants. The process is particularly useful for removing small quantities of monoisocyanates from a solvent stream recovered from a polyisocyanate manufacturing process. The urea compounds in some instances can be recycled back into the polyisocyanate manufacturing process and reacted with polyisocyanate compounds to form biurets.

Provided is a method for catalytically activating carbon dioxide as a carbonylation reagent with inorganic sulfur. In the method, carbon dioxide can be used to replace a toxic and harmful carbonylation reagent in the presence of H.sub.2S and an alkali for the synthesis of a carbonyl-containing fine chemical product. The method has a relatively high atomic economy and can reduce the generation of by-products.

The present invention provides a compound represented by general formula I or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, the preparation method therefor and the use thereof in preparing a medicine for treating a neurological disease, such as epilepsy, convulsion, neuropathic pain, acute ischemic stroke, and a neurodegenerative disease. The compound according to present invention has a better absorption in brain tissue when compared with RTG. In addition, the compound provided by present invention has not only a greatly enhanced efficacy, but also a neurotoxicity greatly lower than that of RTG, and thus possesses a wider safety window. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a compound represented by general formula I or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof, the preparation method therefor and the use thereof in preparing a medicine for treating a neurological disease, such as epilepsy, convulsion, neuropathic pain, acute ischemic stroke, and a neurodegenerative disease. The compound according to present invention has a better absorption in brain tissue when compared with RTG. In addition, the compound provided by present invention has not only a greatly enhanced efficacy, but also a neurotoxicity greatly lower than that of RTG, and thus possesses a wider safety window. ##STR00001##