Described are procedures and intermediates for the preparation of guadecitabine, and guadecitabine salts and solid state forms thereof.

A hydrotropic composition including at least one surface active cationic component, which is selected from a group of cholinium, guadinium or tetramethylguadinium, preferably cholinium, and a straight or branched carboxylate anion having at least six carbon atoms and its uses, for treating of oil sands or the like, for treating tailings from separation of bitumen, asphaltenes or the like.

The invention provides compositions, systems and methods for controlling loss of nutrients and other substances from planting sites.

The invention provides compositions, systems and methods for controlling loss of nutrients and other substances from planting sites.

Methods of producing an amino acid nitrate supplement drink suitable for human consumption are provided. The methods comprise providing a solid nitrate salt of an amino acid and adding an amount of water to the solid nitrate salt of the amino acid to produce the amino acid and nitrate drink, wherein the amount of water is sufficient to dissolve the solid nitrate salt of the amino acid. In particular implementations, the solid nitrate salt of an amino acid is selected from the group consisting of: creatine nitrate, arginine nitrate, leucine nitrate, isoleucine nitrate, valine nitrate, cysteine nitrate, glycine nitrate, agmatine nitrate, beta-alanine nitrate, N-acetyl cysteine nitrate, aspartic acid nitrate, lysine nitrate, histidine nitrate, norvaline nitrate, ornithine nitrate, glutamine nitrate, citrulline nitrate, and betaine nitrate.

A novel compound suitable as an epoxy curing catalyst; an epoxy curing catalyst using the compound; and a method for producing the compound. A compound represented by formula (1) in which X.sup.m+ represents an m valent counter cation, R.sup.1 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent; R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfide group, a silyl group, a silanol group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a sulfonic acid ester group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphonic acid ester group or an organic group; m represents an integer of 1 or more; n represents an integer of 0-3; and R.sup.2 may bond with R.sup.1 to form a cyclic structure.

A novel compound suitable as an epoxy curing catalyst; an epoxy curing catalyst using the compound; and a method for producing the compound. A compound represented by formula (1) in which X.sup.m+ represents an m valent counter cation, R.sup.1 represents an aromatic group which may have a substituent; R.sup.2 represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent; R.sup.3 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfide group, a silyl group, a silanol group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a sulfonic acid ester group, a phosphino group, a phosphinyl group, a phosphonic acid ester group or an organic group; m represents an integer of 1 or more; n represents an integer of 0-3; and R.sup.2 may bond with R.sup.1 to form a cyclic structure.

A composition and a supplement formulation includes: at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of a vegetable nitrate source; and at least one constituent amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arginine, Agmatine, Beta Alanine, Citrulline, Creatine, Glutamine, L-Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Norvaline, Ornithine, Valine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Lysine, Methionine, Proline, Tyrosine, and Phenylalanine.

Compositions and methods are presented that selectively dissolve calcium from a variety of cementitious materials without dissolving or otherwise degrading calcium silica hydrate (CSH). Preferably, contemplated compositions comprise guanidine bisulfate hydrochloride, which can be prepared from a reaction of urea, hydrochloric acid, and sulfamic acid. Therefore, it is especially contemplated that the compositions contemplated herein are particularly suitable to clean or otherwise condition surfaces of cured concrete, Portland cement-based material, or an aggregate containing CSH.

Compositions and methods are presented that selectively dissolve calcium from a variety of cementitious materials without dissolving or otherwise degrading calcium silica hydrate (CSH). Preferably, contemplated compositions comprise guanidine bisulfate hydrochloride, which can be prepared from a reaction of urea, hydrochloric acid, and sulfamic acid. Therefore, it is especially contemplated that the compositions contemplated herein are particularly suitable to clean or otherwise condition surfaces of cured concrete, Portland cement-based material, or an aggregate containing CSH.