Photoresist pattern trimming compositions are provided. The compositions comprise: a matrix polymer, an aromatic sulfonic acid and a solvent, wherein the aromatic sulfonic acid comprises one or more fluorinated alcohol group. Also provided are methods of trimming a photoresist pattern using the trimming compositions. The compositions and methods find particular applicability in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

Provided are electrochemical cells that include a compound having the general formula

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is moiety associated with a lithium ion, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are unsubstituted methylene moieties, X.sub.2 and X.sub.4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety, X is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety, R.sub.2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety, 0<m1, 0n1, and m+n=1.

Provided are electrochemical cells that include a compound having the general formula

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is moiety associated with a lithium ion, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are unsubstituted methylene moieties, X.sub.2 and X.sub.4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety, X is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety, R.sub.2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety, 0<m1, 0n1, and m+n=1.

Provided are ionic thermal acid generators comprising an anion of an aromatic sulfonic acid comprising one or more fluorinated alcohol group and a cation. Also provided are photoresist pattern trimming compositions that include an ionic thermal acid generator, a matrix polymer and a solvent, and methods of trimming a photoresist pattern using the trimming compositions. The thermal acid generators, compositions and methods find particular applicability in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

The present invention relates to an improved method for purifying a sulfonated aromatic monomer. The method is an economical method capable of providing a highly pure sulfonated aromatic monomer, in which a salt precipitation step and a recrystallization step are simplified while maintaining the reaction conditions used in a conventional method for synthesizing the sulfonated aromatic monomer, and a purification process is carried out using an easily available and stable chemical substance. The sulfonated aromatic monomer obtained by the purification method will be useful for the preparation of a polymer for a polymer electrolyte membrane and will be advantageous to synthesize polymer with high molecular weight.

Four linker molecules were designed to attach peptides to various aqueous-compatible polymer solid phases for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) in aqueous solutions. Linker molecule A is utilized to attach peptides to an anionic exchange resin in an aqueous solution, and linker molecule B is employed for binding peptides to a cationic exchange resin in an aqueous solution. Both anionic and cationic exchange resins are reusable once the peptide synthesis process is completed.

Linker molecule C is utilized to connect the peptide to an amino resin, whereas linker molecule D is employed to bind the peptide to a carboxyl resin. Additionally, linker molecule C can serve as a precursor to linker molecule A, and linker molecule D can function as a precursor to linker molecule B.

In all four linker molecules, the amino acid (AA) is linked to solid phases through a benzylic ester bond, which can be cleaved under acidic conditions to release the peptide chain at the end of synthesis.

A procedure for dissolving hydrophobic molecules was developed to improve the solubility of hydrophobic compounds, specifically focusing on dissolving Fmoc-protected Amino Acids (Fmoc-AA) in an aqueous solution to facilitate Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) in aqueous conditions.

Four linker molecules were designed to attach peptides to various aqueous-compatible polymer solid phases for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) in aqueous solutions. Linker molecule A is utilized to attach peptides to an anionic exchange resin in an aqueous solution, and linker molecule B is employed for binding peptides to a cationic exchange resin in an aqueous solution. Both anionic and cationic exchange resins are reusable once the peptide synthesis process is completed.

Linker molecule C is utilized to connect the peptide to an amino resin, whereas linker molecule D is employed to bind the peptide to a carboxyl resin. Additionally, linker molecule C can serve as a precursor to linker molecule A, and linker molecule D can function as a precursor to linker molecule B.

In all four linker molecules, the amino acid (AA) is linked to solid phases through a benzylic ester bond, which can be cleaved under acidic conditions to release the peptide chain at the end of synthesis.

A procedure for dissolving hydrophobic molecules was developed to improve the solubility of hydrophobic compounds, specifically focusing on dissolving Fmoc-protected Amino Acids (Fmoc-AA) in an aqueous solution to facilitate Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) in aqueous conditions.

The presently claimed invention is directed to 2,2,6-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepine and its use to impart an aroma impression to a composition. The presently claimed invention also relates to a method of imparting such an aroma impression. The presently claimed invention is further directed to compositions comprising 2,2,6-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepine and at least one aroma chemical as well as to compositions comprising 2,2,6-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepine and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of aroma chemicals, surfactants, oil components, antioxidants, deodorant-active agents and solvents.

The presently claimed invention is directed to 2,2,6-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepine and its use to impart an aroma impression to a composition. The presently claimed invention also relates to a method of imparting such an aroma impression. The presently claimed invention is further directed to compositions comprising 2,2,6-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepine and at least one aroma chemical as well as to compositions comprising 2,2,6-trimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepine and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of aroma chemicals, surfactants, oil components, antioxidants, deodorant-active agents and solvents.

Disclosed is a sodium petroleum sulfonate collector for fluorite flotation, comprising sodium petroleum sulfonate and non-polar oil, wherein the molar ratio of the non-polar oil to the sodium petroleum sulfonate is 3.33-5.67, the sodium petroleum sulfonate comprises raw material oil and active substance, the molecular weight of the raw material oil is 350-450, the molecular weight of the sodium petroleum sulfonate is 500-750, the aromatic hydrocarbon comprises benzene ring hydrocarbon and naphthalene ring hydrocarbon, the content of the benzene ring hydrocarbon is 5% to 11%, and the content of the naphthalene ring hydrocarbon is 5% to 5.2%, the raw material oil needs to be sulfonated by sulfur trioxide, and the molar ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon to the sulfur trioxide in the raw material oil is 2.4 to 5. The sodium petroleum sulfonate collector proposed by this disclosure is both efficient and low temperature resistant.