A method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including at least a resin having a polarity that increases due to decomposition by the action of an acid, a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, and a solvent, in which the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound (I) to (III) below, and the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is produced by mixing a first solution including the resin having a polarity that increases by the action of an acid and a first solvent with the one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compound (I) to (III).

A method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition of an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including at least a resin having a polarity that increases due to decomposition by the action of an acid, a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, and a solvent, in which the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a compound (I) to (III) below, and the actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition is produced by mixing a first solution including the resin having a polarity that increases by the action of an acid and a first solvent with the one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compound (I) to (III).

A method for extracting a rare earth metal from a mixture of one or more rare earth metals, said method comprising contacting an acidic solution of the rare earth metal with a composition which comprises an ionic liquid to form an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase into which the rare earth metal has been selectively extracted, wherein the ionic liquid has the formula [Ca.sup.++][X′], where [X′] represents a phosphinate anion.

An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

An ether-bridged dication is provided with two monovalent cations bonded via a carbon chain having ether group(s). The ether-bridged dication, monovalent cations, and anions are contained together within an ionic liquid electrolyte which is applied to a charge storage device. The ether-bridged dication, the ionic liquid electrolyte, and the charge storage device have operational abilities at room temperatures or below, and a reachable working potential of 3.5 V.

The present invention discloses compounds for inhibition of uncontrolled cell proliferation particularly in cancer stem cells. Particularly, the invention relates to compounds of Formula III to XIV for the treatment of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer.

A method of producing an N,N-disubstituted amide of the present invention is a method of reacting a nitrile with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the nitrile is a compound represented by R.sup.1CN (R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms or an aryl group having 10 or less carbon atoms), wherein the alcohol is a compound represented by R.sup.2OH (R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms), wherein the catalyst is a metal salt represented by MXn (M represents a metal cation having an oxidation number of n, X represents a monovalent anion including a substituted sulfonyl group represented by —S(═O).sub.2—R.sup.3 (R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 10 or less carbon atoms or a group in which some or all of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon group are substituted with fluorine atoms), and n represents an integer of 1 to 4), a substituent bonded to a carbon atom in a carbonyl group of the N,N-disubstituted amide is R.sup.1, and two substituents bonded to nitrogen atoms in an amide group are both R.sup.2.

Described herein are methods and devices that allow the generation of [F-18]triflyl fluoride and other [F-18] sulfonyl fluorides (such as [F-18]tosyl fluoride) in a manner that is suitable for radiosynthesis of F-18 labeled radiopharmaceuticals using currently available synthesis modules.

Described herein are methods and devices that allow the generation of [F-18]triflyl fluoride and other [F-18] sulfonyl fluorides (such as [F-18]tosyl fluoride) in a manner that is suitable for radiosynthesis of F-18 labeled radiopharmaceuticals using currently available synthesis modules.

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).

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