The present invention relates to processes for preparing for preparing 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile. The processes comprise the steps of first reacting 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide with sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide in a solvent or a solvent mixture to form 3-(methylthio)propionitrile, and then reacting the isolated 3-(methylthio)propionitrile with acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide to form 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile.

The present invention relates to processes for preparing for preparing 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile. The processes comprise the steps of first reacting 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide with sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide in a solvent or a solvent mixture to form 3-(methylthio)propionitrile, and then reacting the isolated 3-(methylthio)propionitrile with acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide to form 3-(methylsulfonyl)propionitrile.

New diamine monomers bearing sulfone terminated pendant groups, as well as methods for making the same, are provided. The diamine monomers are useful toward making polyamide, polyimide, and poly(amide-imide) polymers and copolymers, which possess hygromorphic properties and demonstrate humidity driven motility.

New diamine monomers bearing sulfone terminated pendant groups, as well as methods for making the same, are provided. The diamine monomers are useful toward making polyamide, polyimide, and poly(amide-imide) polymers and copolymers, which possess hygromorphic properties and demonstrate humidity driven motility.

There are disclosed compounds that modulate or inhibit the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and methods of treating proliferative disorders, such as cancer, viral infections and/or autoimmune diseases utilizing the compounds of the invention.

There are disclosed compounds that modulate or inhibit the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and methods of treating proliferative disorders, such as cancer, viral infections and/or autoimmune diseases utilizing the compounds of the invention.

The present invention discloses a fluorescent probe for detecting a sulfenated protein, which has good stability and can specifically quantitatively detect a sulfenated protein in complex biological samples, and has a good detection ability of signal-to-noise ratios, is highly sensitive, and has excellent selectivity, thereby realizing specific detection of sulfhydryl sulfenation modification of intracellular proteins.

Provided are a compound including a cleavable linker, a use thereof, and an intermediate compound for preparing the same, and more particularly, the compound including a cleavable linker of the present invention may include an active agent (for example, a drug, a toxin, a ligand, a probe for detection, etc.) having a specific function or activity, a SO.sub.2 functional group which is capable of selectively releasing the active agent, and a functional group which triggers a chemical reaction, a physicochemical reaction and/or a biological reaction by external stimulation, and may further include a ligand (for example, oligopeptide, polypeptide, antibody, etc.) having binding specificity for a desired target receptor.

The present disclosure relates to compounds of the general formula (I): wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 may be chosen from different substituents; n is 0, 1, or 2; and X is a hydroxymethyl or a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, such as a carboxylate, such as a carboxylic ester, a glyceride, an anhydride, a phospholipid, a carboxamide, a phospholipid, or a prodrug thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such salt or a prodrug thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and lipid compositions comprising at least one compound according to the present disclosure, and to such compounds for use as medicaments or for use in therapy, in particular for the treatment of diseases related to metabolic diseases and liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cholestasis diseases.

Disclosed herein are compounds including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, prodrugs, hydrates and tautomers thereof which modulate the interactions of CD-40-CD40L. The compounds are useful for treating, ameliorating or preventing an autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, or other immune-related disease in a patient in need of treatment.