Disclosed herein are embodiments of a compound that inhibits c-Abl tyrosine kinase (also referred to herein as “c-Abl”). The compound embodiments described herein are novel c-Abl inhibitors that can bind to c-Abl at an allosteric site and inhibit its activity in various pathways. The compound embodiments also are capable of crossing the blood brain barrier and therefore are useful in inhibiting c-Abl activity as it affects pathways and/or proteins in the brain. The compound embodiments described herein are effective therapeutic agents for treating diseases involving c-Abl, such as cancers, motor neuron diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of methods for making and using the c-Abl inhibitory compound embodiments.

Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

The present invention aims to provide a method of producing, more efficiently at a high purity, a phosphoramidite preferable for the production (synthesis) of a nucleic acid. Using a coupling reaction of an ether represented by the following chemical formula (105), an enantiomer, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a salt thereof, and a glycoside compound, phosphoramidite that enables efficient synthesis of nucleic acid can be obtained:

##STR00001##

wherein n is a positive integer, and R and R′ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group.

The present invention aims to provide a method of producing, more efficiently at a high purity, a phosphoramidite preferable for the production (synthesis) of a nucleic acid. Using a coupling reaction of an ether represented by the following chemical formula (105), an enantiomer, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a salt thereof, and a glycoside compound, phosphoramidite that enables efficient synthesis of nucleic acid can be obtained:

##STR00001##

wherein n is a positive integer, and R and R′ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group.

Disclosed are an S-(carboxymethyl)-cysteine pharmaceutical compound (I), and a preparation method and use thereof. Also disclosed are an S-(carboxymethyl)-D-cysteine ammonium salt monohydrate, and use thereof in preparation of medicines for preventing and treating respiratory system diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, in particular in preparation of expectorants. The compounds can reduce airway resistance and production of oxides in rat COPD models, increase the level of antioxidants, and alleviate damage caused by the oxides and inflammatory mediators to lungs.

The present disclosure concerns the large-scale manufacture of pharmaceutical compounds, and novel intermediates for use in the manufacture. International Patent Application WO2011154737 discloses morpholine pyrimidines useful for treating cancer, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. In particular, WO2011154737 discloses, as experimental Example 2.02 on page 60, the compound 4-{4-[(3R)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]-6-[1-((R)—S-methylsulfonimidoyl)cyclopropyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (hereafter referred to as the compound of Formula (I)). The structure of the compound of Formula (I) is shown below. A synthetic route to the compound of Formula (I) is described at pages 51 to 57, 66 and 67 of WO2011154737, and is summarised below in Scheme 1.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure concerns the large-scale manufacture of pharmaceutical compounds, and novel intermediates for use in the manufacture. International Patent Application WO2011154737 discloses morpholine pyrimidines useful for treating cancer, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. In particular, WO2011154737 discloses, as experimental Example 2.02 on page 60, the compound 4-{4-[(3R)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]-6-[1-((R)—S-methylsulfonimidoyl)cyclopropyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (hereafter referred to as the compound of Formula (I)). The structure of the compound of Formula (I) is shown below. A synthetic route to the compound of Formula (I) is described at pages 51 to 57, 66 and 67 of WO2011154737, and is summarised below in Scheme 1.

##STR00001##

A heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1) and a field effect transistor having a semiconductor layer comprising the compound. (In the formula, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represents a sulfur atom or a selenium atom, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents a C.sub.5-16 alkyl.) ##STR00001##

A heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1) and a field effect transistor having a semiconductor layer comprising the compound. (In the formula, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represents a sulfur atom or a selenium atom, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents a C.sub.5-16 alkyl.) ##STR00001##