A process synthesizes a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group. The process involves reacting a compound with at least one five-membered cyclic monothiocarbonate group with a starter selected from a compound with at least one thiol group, from a compound with at least one hydroxy group, or from a basic inorganic composed; to obtain a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group and carbon dioxide.

Improved methods for preparing chemical precursors to sulfonyl chloride III, which are important intermediates in the preparation of pyroxsulam herbicide are provided. Specifically, these precursors are compounds of Formulas VII and/or VIII, and IX, wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, X is Cl or OH, Y is halogen, OH, or OR.sup.2, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. ##STR00001##

Improved methods for preparing chemical precursors to sulfonyl chloride III, which are important intermediates in the preparation of pyroxsulam herbicide are provided. Specifically, these precursors are compounds of Formulas VII and/or VIII, and IX, wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, X is Cl or OH, Y is halogen, OH, or OR.sup.2, and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. ##STR00001##

An embodiment relates to an aromatic polythiol compound for optical materials, and the aromatic polythiol compound according to the embodiment contains a phenyl group and a large number of sulfur atoms in its polythiol structure so that a polymerizable composition and an optical material obtained therefrom have excellent optical properties such as high refractive index and low specific gravity, as well as excellent mechanical properties such as low cure shrinkage; thus, they can be advantageously used for producing various plastic optical lenses such as eyeglass lenses and camera lenses.

An embodiment relates to an aromatic polythiol compound for optical materials, and the aromatic polythiol compound according to the embodiment contains a phenyl group and a large number of sulfur atoms in its polythiol structure so that a polymerizable composition and an optical material obtained therefrom have excellent optical properties such as high refractive index and low specific gravity, as well as excellent mechanical properties such as low cure shrinkage; thus, they can be advantageously used for producing various plastic optical lenses such as eyeglass lenses and camera lenses.

The disclosure relates to a method for depolymerizing lignin. The method includes reacting a lignin compound with a thiol compound to depolymerize the lignin compound and to form a depolymerized lignin product having a reduced molecular weight relative to the lignin compound prior to reacting. The method can further include forming an oxidized thiol reaction product between two thiol groups from one or more thiol compounds, and then reducing the oxidized thiol reaction product to re-form or regenerate the thiol compound for further lignin depolymerization.

The disclosure relates to a method for depolymerizing lignin. The method includes reacting a lignin compound with a thiol compound to depolymerize the lignin compound and to form a depolymerized lignin product having a reduced molecular weight relative to the lignin compound prior to reacting. The method can further include forming an oxidized thiol reaction product between two thiol groups from one or more thiol compounds, and then reducing the oxidized thiol reaction product to re-form or regenerate the thiol compound for further lignin depolymerization.

The present disclosure provides, in part, a process for preparing compounds (I) having allosteric effector properties against Hepatitis B virus Cp. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides, in part, a process for preparing compounds (I) having allosteric effector properties against Hepatitis B virus Cp. ##STR00001##

The embodiments relate to a process for preparing a polythiol composition, which comprises reacting a halogen compound or an alcohol compound with thiourea to prepare a thiouronium salt solution; and adding a basic solution to the thiouronium salt solution to hydrolyze it. The hydrolysis reaction is terminated when the area of peak A in the graph measured by gel permeation chromatography of the reactant in the hydrolysis step under certain conditions is 0.5% to 8% based on the total peak area. A tetrafunctional polythiol composition having high purity can be obtained. Thus, an optical lens having excellent color, transparency, and refractive index can be obtained.