A manufacturing method capable of improving the yield and properties of a cyclic sulfonic acid ester derivative compound includes (A) reacting a compound represented by Formula 1 and thioacetic acid to prepare a compound represented by Formula 2, and (B) subjecting the compound represented by Formula 2 to an oxidative cyclization reaction to prepare a compound represented by Formula 3:

##STR00001## wherein m and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are described herein.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

To provide a novel compound having both a surface-activating ability and a polymerization controlling ability.

A compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2):

##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are an organic group having the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) determined by Griffin's method of 3 or more. The definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Z, p and q are described in the Description.

To provide a novel compound having both a surface-activating ability and a polymerization controlling ability.

A compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2):

##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are an organic group having the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) determined by Griffin's method of 3 or more. The definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Z, p and q are described in the Description.

To provide a novel compound having both a surface-activating ability and a polymerization controlling ability. A compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2): ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are an organic group having the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) determined by Griffin's method of 3 or more. The definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Z, p and q are described in the Description.

To provide a novel compound having both a surface-activating ability and a polymerization controlling ability. A compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2): ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are an organic group having the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) determined by Griffin's method of 3 or more. The definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Z, p and q are described in the Description.

Articles and methods including additives in electrochemical cells, are generally provided. As described herein, such electrochemical cells may comprise an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and optionally a separator. In some embodiments, at least one of the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and/or the optional separator may comprise an additive and/or additive precursor. For instance, in some cases, the electrochemical cell comprises an electrolyte and an additive and/or additive precursor that is soluble with and/or is present in the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the additive precursor comprises a disulfide bond. In certain embodiments, the additive is a carbon disulfide salt. In some cases, the electrolyte may comprise a nitrate.

[Problem] The present invention provides a polyether ether ketone decomposition method for efficiently decomposing polyether ether ketone, and a novel compound synthesized by using a decomposition product obtained by the polyether ether ketone decomposition method as a raw material.

[Solution] A polyether ether ketone decomposition method for decomposing polyether ether ketone, including a first reaction step of reacting the polyether ether ketone with a base and at least one of an alkanethiol, an aromatic mercaptan, sodium sulfide, and elemental sulfur in an organic solvent. Polyether ether ketone can be efficiently decomposed by this polyether ether ketone decomposition method.

[Problem] The present invention provides a polyether ether ketone decomposition method for efficiently decomposing polyether ether ketone, and a novel compound synthesized by using a decomposition product obtained by the polyether ether ketone decomposition method as a raw material.

[Solution] A polyether ether ketone decomposition method for decomposing polyether ether ketone, including a first reaction step of reacting the polyether ether ketone with a base and at least one of an alkanethiol, an aromatic mercaptan, sodium sulfide, and elemental sulfur in an organic solvent. Polyether ether ketone can be efficiently decomposed by this polyether ether ketone decomposition method.