The present invention is directed to the treatment of crop plants with 3-methyl-(S)-abscisic acid, 3-propargyl-(S)-abscisic acid, and/or salts thereof in order to improve the plants' environmental stress tolerance.

The present invention is directed to the treatment of crop plants with 3-methyl-(S)-abscisic acid, 3-propargyl-(S)-abscisic acid, and/or salts thereof in order to improve the plants' environmental stress tolerance.

Compositions of and methods for using synthetic retinal derivatives as retinoid replacements and opsin agonists are provided.

Compositions of and methods for using synthetic retinal derivatives as retinoid replacements and opsin agonists are provided.

A method for producing derivatives of N-retinoylaminoalkane sulfonic acid, the method comprising providing retinoic acid, chloroformate, aminoalkanesulfonic acid selected from the group consisting of cysteic acid and alkyl ester thereof, cysteinesulfinic acid and alkyl ester thereof, homocysteic acid and alkyl ester thereof, homocysteinesulfinic acid and alkyl esters thereof, taurine and derivatives thereof, and an organic solvent, and a base, mixing said components under substantial absence of oxidizing compounds thereby forming a reaction mixture comprising a liquid phase, wherein the liquid phase is one phase and the derivatives of N-retinoylaminoalkane sulfonic acid are formed in said liquid phase.

A method for producing derivatives of N-retinoylaminoalkane sulfonic acid, the method comprising providing retinoic acid, chloroformate, aminoalkanesulfonic acid selected from the group consisting of cysteic acid and alkyl ester thereof, cysteinesulfinic acid and alkyl ester thereof, homocysteic acid and alkyl ester thereof, homocysteinesulfinic acid and alkyl esters thereof, taurine and derivatives thereof, and an organic solvent, and a base, mixing said components under substantial absence of oxidizing compounds thereby forming a reaction mixture comprising a liquid phase, wherein the liquid phase is one phase and the derivatives of N-retinoylaminoalkane sulfonic acid are formed in said liquid phase.

Provided are methods of treating certain skin conditions in a human in which the skin of the human in need of such treatment is contacted with an effective amount of a particular composition.

Provided are methods of treating certain skin conditions in a human in which the skin of the human in need of such treatment is contacted with an effective amount of a particular composition.

The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo anti-breast and anti-prostate cancers activities of novel C-4 heteroaryl 13-cis retinamides that modulate Mnk-eIF4E and AR signaling are discussed. In both breast and prostate cancer cell lines, these compounds induce Mnk1/2 degradation to substantially suppress eIF4E phosphorylation. In prostate cancer cells, the compounds induce degradation of both full-length androgen receptor (fAR) and splice variant AR (AR-V7) to inhibit AR transcriptional activity. The consequences of these multiple activities resulted in inhibition of cell growth and migration and induction of apoptosis. Finally and importantly, the compounds demonstrate strong in vitro and in vivo anti-breast and anti-prostate cancer activities, with no apparent host toxicities.

The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo anti-breast and anti-prostate cancers activities of novel C-4 heteroaryl 13-cis retinamides that modulate Mnk-eIF4E and AR signaling are discussed. In both breast and prostate cancer cell lines, these compounds induce Mnk1/2 degradation to substantially suppress eIF4E phosphorylation. In prostate cancer cells, the compounds induce degradation of both full-length androgen receptor (fAR) and splice variant AR (AR-V7) to inhibit AR transcriptional activity. The consequences of these multiple activities resulted in inhibition of cell growth and migration and induction of apoptosis. Finally and importantly, the compounds demonstrate strong in vitro and in vivo anti-breast and anti-prostate cancer activities, with no apparent host toxicities.