The invention relates to a process for converting paraffin to olefin comprising the following steps: (a) providing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one paraffin having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) providing a catalyst containing at least one Group VIA and/or Group VIIA transition metal on a solid support; (c) pretreating the catalyst by contacting the catalyst with at least one reducing gas and at least one oxidizing gas; and (d) contacting the by hydrocarbon feedstock and the pretreated catalyst at a temperature in the range of 200 C. to 600 C., preferably 320 C. to 450 C. and to a catalyst for use therein.

Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material.

A method of preparing an aromatization catalyst comprising contacting a zeolitic support with a metal-containing compound and a boron-containing compound to produce an impregnated support, and contacting the impregnated support with an activating composition to produce an aromatization catalyst, wherein the activating composition comprises a chlorine-containing compound and a fluorine-containing compound, and wherein the impregnated support is heated in the presence of the activating composition to a temperature in the range of from about 100 C. to about 500 C.

A heterogeneous catalyst composition including a metal and boron catalyst with boron dispersed in a molten matrix, where the molten matrix includes a eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or hydroxides. A process for preparing a heterogeneous catalyst composition, including combining a mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts or hydroxides to form a matrix including a eutectic mixture, adding, to the matrix, a boron precursor and at least one metal catalyst precursor to form a catalyst precursor mixture, and heating the catalyst precursor mixture to a temperature of from 390 C. to 750 C. to form the heterogeneous catalyst composition. A process for catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons whereby a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock contacts the heterogeneous catalyst composition to generate olefinic compounds.

The invention has objects of providing an olefin production method which can produce an olefin with high efficiency by the dehydration reaction of an alcohol even in the presence of a ketone without the occurrence of side reactions such as the Aldol condensation of the ketone, as well as providing an olefin production method which can produce an olefin with high activity and high selectivity in a single reaction step by directly reacting a corresponding ketone and hydrogen. The former olefin production method of the invention produces an olefin from an alcohol using a silica gel (A) as a dehydration catalyst which is obtained by bringing a silica gel (X) prepared from an alkyl orthosilicate into contact with a water-soluble aluminum compound and calcining the contact product or is obtained from a wet-process silica gel (Y) prepared from an alkali silicate and which contains an aluminum compound at 10 to 1000 ppm in terms of aluminum element as well as an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal at a total of 0 to 350 ppm. The latter olefin production method produces an olefin from a ketone and hydrogen in a single reaction step in the presence of the silica gel (A) and a silver-containing inorganic substance (B).

The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylate comprising the subsequent steps (a), (b) and (c): (a) an alkylation step, wherein in a reaction zone a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least an isoparaffin and an olefin is reacted with an ionic liquid catalyst to obtain an effluent comprising alkylate and solids, which latter are formed as side products in the alkylation step; (b) a separation step, wherein at least part of the alkylate-comprising effluent coming from the reaction zone is separated in a separator unit into a hydrocarbon-rich phase and an ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase which latter phase also comprises solids formed as side products during the alkylation reaction; and (c) a solids removal step, wherein the solids in ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase are separated from the ionic liquid catalyst using a suitable separating device; wherein the process further comprises a step following the separation step (b) and prior to the solids removal step (c).

The present disclosure provides a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene, comprising at least one compound of formula Zn.sub.aAl.sub.bM.sub.cFe.sub.eO.sub.f.Z(-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), wherein M is at least one element chosen from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mn, Ba, Cu, Co, and Ni, Z represents the percentage by weight of -Fe2O3 in the catalyst and ranges from 10% to 70%. Also provided herein is a process of preparing said catalyst and the use of said catalyst in an oxidative dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene processes.

The disclosed invention relates to a process for converting ethylbenzene to styrene, comprising: flowing a feed composition comprising ethylbenzene in at least one process microchannel in contact with at least one catalyst to dehydrogenate the ethylbenzene and form a product comprising styrene; exchanging heat between the process microchannel and at least one heat exchange channel in thermal contact with the process microchannel; and removing product from the process microchannel. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising a process microchannel, a heat exchange channel, and a heat transfer wall positioned between the process microchannel and heat exchange channel wherein the heat transfer wall comprises a thermal resistance layer.

A method for producing olefins using a circulating fluidized bed process, includes: supplying a propane-containing hydrocarbon mixture and a dehydrogenation catalyst into a riser, which is a fast fluidization regime, to cause a dehydrogenation reaction; separating, from a propylene mixture, the catalyst which is a product of the dehydrogenation reaction; removing unseparated hydrocarbon compounds remaining in the catalyst separated in the separating; continuously regenerating the catalyst by mixing the catalyst stripped in the removing with a gas containing oxygen; circulating the catalyst regenerated in the continuously regenerating to the supplying and resupplying it into the riser; and preparing propylene by cooling, compressing, and separating the propylene mixture which is a reaction product separated in the separating.

A process for oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to produce an olefin and water may include contacting, in a fluidized bed, the hydrocarbon with a particulate material, which may include at least one oxygen transfer agent (OTA) and at least one fluidization enhancing additive. During at least a portion of contacting the hydrocarbon with the particulate material, the fluidized bed may be at a temperature at or above a melting point of one or more materials of the oxygen transfer agent. Further, during at least a portion of contacting the hydrocarbon with the particulate material, a surface of at least a portion of the OTA may comprise a molten layer. The fluidization enhancing additive may not undergo reduction in the fluidized bed during contacting the hydrocarbon with the particulate material and may be present in an amount that maintains sufficient fluidization of the particulate material.