Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized catalyst particles that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst particles with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce regenerated catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst particles to produce additional effluent and re-coked catalyst particles.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination, and a method for producing a reaction product containing methyl chloride (CH.sub.3Cl) by using the sulfated metal oxide catalyst. A sulfated zirconia catalyst and a sulfated tin oxide catalyst are disclosed as the sulfated metal oxide catalyst for chlorination.

Disclosed is a method of producing an olefin using a circulating fluidized bed process, including: (a) supplying a hydrocarbon mixture including propane and a dehydrogenation catalyst to a riser which is in a state of a fast fluidization regime, and thus inducing a dehydrogenation reaction; (b) separating an effluent from the dehydrogenation reaction into the catalyst and a propylene mixture; (c) stripping, in which a residual hydrocarbon compound is removed from the catalyst separated in step (b); (d) mixing the catalyst stripped in step (c) with a gas containing oxygen and thus continuously regenerating the catalyst; (e) circulating the catalyst regenerated in step (d) to step (a) and thus resupplying the catalyst to the riser; and (f) cooling, compressing, and separating the propylene mixture, which is a reaction product separated in step (b), and thus producing a propylene product.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing renewable ketones, paraffin waxes, base oil components and alkenes from a feedstock of biological origin, wherein the method includes ketonisation of esters of fatty acids and monohydric alcohols wherein the alcohols have carbon chain length of two or more.

Disclosed herein are compositions containing branched C.sub.20 2-substituted alpha olefins and processes for making the compositions by dimerization reaction of a C.sub.10 olefin composition.

A supported catalyst for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide; and the component II is a supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more than one of hierarchical pores Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, MgO and Ga.sub.2O.sub.3; the zeolite is one or more than one of CHA and AEI structures; and the load of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high light olefin selectivity; the sum of the selectivity of the light olefin comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

A composite catalyst containing heteroatom-doped zeolite for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide, and the component II is a heteroatom-doped zeolite. The zeolite topology is CHA or AEI, and the skeleton atoms include Al—P—O or Si—Al—P—O; the heteroatoms is at least one of divalent metal Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Ba and Ce, trivalent metal Ti and Ga, and tetravalent metal Ge. A weight ratio of the active ingredient in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has high light olefin selectivity; the sum selectivity of the light olefin including ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized catalyst particles that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce coked catalyst particles and an effluent. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst particles with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce regenerated catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst particles with a reducing gas to produce regenerated and reduced catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized regenerated and reduced catalyst particles to produce additional effluent and re-coked catalyst particles.

A catalyst, methods of making, and process of dehydrogenating paraffins utilizing the catalyst. The catalyst includes at least 20 mass % Zn, a catalyst support and a catalyst stabilizer. The catalyst is further characterizable by physical properties such as activity parameter measured under specified conditions. The catalyst may also be disposed on a porous support in an attrition-resistant form and used in a fluidized bed reactor.

The present invention provides a catalyst comprising at least one first metal selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table, wherein an amount of Bronsted acid sites of the catalyst is 1.8 μmol/g or less.