A process for the production of benzene and ethylene from an alkane-containing gas stream. The alkane-containing gas stream may be contacted, in a reaction zone of a reactor under alkane aromatization conditions, with an aromatization catalyst including any combination of fresh, spent, and regenerated catalyst to produce an outlet stream including (i) spent catalyst and (ii) a product mixture including benzene and ethylene. The spent catalyst may be regenerated in a regeneration zone under regeneration conditions to produce the regenerated catalyst. A selected amount of fresh catalyst may be added to the regeneration zone to produce the mixture of fresh catalyst and regenerated catalyst, which may be recycled to the reaction zone. A ratio of benzene to ethylene in the product mixture may be controlled by modifying the alkane aromatization conditions, the regeneration conditions, and/or the selected amount of fresh catalyst added to the regeneration zone.

A process is provided for converting mevalonic acid into various useful products and derivatives. More particularly, the process comprises reacting mevalonic acid, or a solution comprising mevalonic acid, in the presence of a solid catalyst at an elevated temperature and pressure to thereby form various biobased products. The process may also comprise: (a) providing a microbial organism that expresses a biosynthetic mevalonic acid pathway; (b) growing the microbial organism in fermentation medium comprising suitable carbon substrates, whereby biobased mevalonic acid is produced; and (c) reacting the biobased mevalonic acid in the presence of a solid catalyst at an elevated temperature and pressure to yield various biobased products.

Ebullated bed reactors may be used to synthesize olefin compositions exhibiting low sediment toxicity and favorable pour points. The olefin compositions are formed by isomerizing linear alpha olefins (LAOs) into linear internal olefins (LIOs), skeletal isomerized branched olefins, or any combination thereof. Methods for preparing olefin compositions comprising LIOs and, optionally, branched olefins may comprise: providing an olefinic feed comprising one or more LAOs, and interacting the olefinic feed with a plurality of catalyst particulates in an ebullated bed reactor to form an isomerized product. The catalyst particulates are effective to isomerize the one or more LAOs into one or more of LIOs, skeletal isomerized branched olefins, or combinations thereof. The isomerized product may be incorporated in drilling fluids, particularly those intended for subsea use, due to their favorable environmental profile and low pour points. Some catalyst particulates may produce no more branching than that present in the LAOs.

The present invention relates to the field of isobutylene preparation. Disclosed are a catalyst and preparation method thereof, and method for preparing isobutylene by applying the same; the catalyst has a core-shell structure, the core an amorphous silica-alumina particle and/or an aggregate molding thereof, and the shell aluminum oxide comprising silicon and tin; the weight ratio of aluminum oxide comprising silicon and tin to amorphous silica-alumina is 1:60-1:3; in the aluminum oxide comprising silicon and tin, on basis of the weight of aluminum oxide comprising silicon and tin, the content of silicon is 0.5-2 wt %, and of tin is 0.2-1 wt %. The catalyst of the present invention is used to catalyze a mixture of MTBE and TBA to prepare isobutylene, enabling the MTBE cleavage and TBA dehydration reactions to be conducted simultaneously to generate isobutylene, achieving higher conversion rates of TBA and MTBE, and higher selectivity for generating isobutylene.

Disclosed in certain embodiments are ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres. The ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres may contain substantially no clay or calcined clay material. The ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres may have a ZSM-5 zeolite content of at least 70 wt. %. Disclosed in certain embodiments is a method of forming ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres including treating microspheres with at least one alkali solution.

A supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst comprising a support and an OCM catalytic composition characterized by the general formula A.sub.aZ.sub.bE.sub.cD.sub.dO.sub.x; wherein A is an alkaline earth metal; wherein Z is a first rare earth element; wherein E is a second rare earth element; wherein D is a redox agent or a third rare earth element; wherein the first rare earth element, the second rare earth element, and the third rare earth element, when present, are not the same; wherein a is 1.0; wherein b is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein c is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein d is from about 0 to about 10.0; and wherein x balances the oxidation states.

An integrated process catalytically cracks whole light crude oil into light olefins, especially propylene and ethylene. The process is integrated with an adjacent conventional fluid catalytic cracking unit whereby the heavy liquid product mixture (light and heavy cycle oils) from whole crude oil cracking is mixed with vacuum gas oil (VGO) for further processing. The process comprises recycling total product fraction of light cracked naphtha (LCN) and mixing with fresh crude oil feed. High propylene and ethylene yields are obtained by cracking; the whole light crude oil and LCN in an FCC configuration using a mixture of FCC catalyst and ZSM-5 additive at a temperature between, that of conventional FCC and steam cracking.

Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo-neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.

The present invention provides a catalytic fast pyrolysis process for the production of fuel blendstocks and chemicals. In addition, the invention provides compositions of renewable blendstocks, compositions of renewable fuel blends, and compositions of 100 percent renewable fuels compatible with gasoline specifications and regulations.

Provided here are methods and systems to enhance the production of ethylene and MTBE from propylene using integrated metathesis and cracking processes. Also disclosed is a method for producing ethylene by at least partially metathesizing propylene in the presence of a metathesis catalyst in a reactor to produce ethylene and butenes, and at least partially cracking the butenes to further produce ethylene using a cracking catalyst positioned downstream of the metathesis catalyst in the same reactor, and further producing MTBE.