Provided herein is a unique process that prepares a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with well-controlled structural characteristics that address the performance requirements driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations for automotive engine oils. The process allows for the branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules to be controlled so as to consistently provide a composition that has a surprising CCS viscosity at −35° C. (ASTM D5329) and Noack volatility (ASTM D5800) relationship. The process comprises providing a specific olefinic feedstock, oligomerizing in the presence of a BF.sub.3 catalyst, and hydroisomerizing in the presence of a noble-metal impregnated, 10-member ring zeolite catalyst.

A systems and a method for isomerizing a feedstock to form an alpha-olefin product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing an olefin feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating the alpha-olefin from a reactor effluent.

A process for preparing a hydrocarbon fluid includes a step of oligomerising an initial hydrocarbon composition which contains, in relation to the total weight of said initial hydrocarbon composition, at least 2% by weight of 3-methyl-but-1-ene, at least 5% by weight of 2-methyl-but-2-ene and at least 5% by weight of 2-methyl-but-1-ene.

A process is provided for dehydrogenating a paraffinic hydrocarbon comprising sending the paraffinic hydrocarbon to a fluidized bed reactor to be contacted at dehydrogenation reaction conditions with a catalyst composition comprising less than about 0.0999 wt % platinum and about 0.05-2.5 wt % Group I or Group II elements or a mixture thereof. The catalytic composition is prepared without addition of tin, gallium, indium, germanium or lead.

A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

The invention relates to a two-way approach to isolate, recover and upgrade 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) from fermentation broth. A complete separation and recovery process for 2,3-BDO using acetalization and trans-acetalization sequence. Acetalization with butyraldehyde using heterogeneous catalysts, either Amberlyst-15® or Nafion NR50®, efficiently isolates 2,3-BDO as phase-separated protected dioxolane. The approach provides significant process advantages with easy product recovery and high recyclability of the catalyst. Trans-acetalization of dioxolane with methanol (methanolysis) followed by distillation of acetal, yielded very high purity 2,3-BDO with about 90% isolated yield. Alternatively, dioxolane is used in a process direct to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as a BDO synthon allowing for recovery of the aldehyde.

The invention relates to a catalytic assembly for carrying out a heterogeneous catalysis reaction in a given temperature range T, characterized in that it comprises the association of at least one catalytic compound capable of catalyzing said reaction in the temperature range T and of a ferromagnetic material in the form of micrometric particles and/or wires, said ferromagnetic material being capable of being heated by magnetic induction by means of a field inductor. The invention also relates to the use of said catalytic assembly for implementing a heterogeneous catalysis reaction such as a methanation reaction.

A process is useful for the isomerization of C.sub.4 to C.sub.9 olefins having an internal double bond into the corresponding olefins having a terminal double bond using a heterogeneous catalyst system of a silicon-aluminium mixed oxide composition.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for converting waste plastics into value-added products, the method including the steps of (a) contacting the waste plastics with a catalyst to form a reaction mixture and (b) applying microwave irradiation to the reaction mixture. In another aspect, disclosed herein are value-added products including, but not limited to, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons produced by the process disclosed herein. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of producing zincoaluminosilicate structures with AEI, CHA, and GME topologies using organic structure directing agents (OSDAs), and the compositions and structures resulting from these methods.