This application provides a catalyst for producing paraxylene by co-conversion of methanol and/or dimethyl ether and C.sub.4 liquefied gas, and preparation and application thereof. The catalyst is an aromatization molecular sieve catalyst with a shape-selective function co-modified by bimetal and siloxane compound. Methanol and/or dimethyl ether and C.sub.4 liquefied gas are fed in reactor together, wherein aromatization reaction occurring on a modified shape-selective molecular sieve catalyst. The yield of aromatics is effectively improved, in which paraxylene is the main product. In products obtained by co-conversion of methanol and/or dimethyl ether and C.sub.4 liquefied gas, the yield of aromatics is greater than 70 wt %, and the content of paraxylene in aromatics is greater than 80 wt %, and the selectivity of paraxylene in xylene is greater than 99 wt %.

A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels.

Apparatuses and processes for converting an oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol and dimethyl ether, in a fluidized bed containing a catalyst to hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling components, olefins and aromatics are provided herein.

Generally, regenerable, encapsulated metal oxide catalysts comprising a ceramic matrix and metal catalysts may be used to convert alkanes to alkenes. The encapsulated metal oxide catalyst may be tailored to produce a variety of alkenes including ethylene, butylene, and propylene. Further, the encapsulated metal oxide catalysts advantageously allow for regeneration and reactant recovery for cost effective and environmentally friendly processes.

A process for the production of jet and other heavy fuels, the process including: contacting at least one C3 to C5 isoalkanol with a first catalyst to convert at least a portion of the isoalkanol to isoalkene, isoalkene dimers, and water; contacting at least a portion of the isoalkene dimers with a second catalyst to convert at least a portion of the isoalkene dimers to isoalkene trimers; hydrotreating the isoalkene trimers to form isoalkanes useful as a jet fuel, kerosene, or other heavy fuels.

A method for the efficient synthesis of useful deoxygenated terpenoids from an abundant renewable source, using catalytic conversion of oxygenated terpenoids. Oxygenated terpenoids such as 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole are, for example, major components of turpentine and essential oils. These oxygenated terpenoids can also be produced from sugars via a biosynthetic approach. Catalytic deoxygenation of these substrates can be used to efficiently generate commercially important chemicals and high density fuels for turbine or diesel propulsion.

A process for making high density fuels, pure terpene dimers, and byproducts from mixed terpene feedstocks and the resulting high density fuel products. The fuels produced by the process includes, dimerizing at least one terpene feedstock by mixing at least one terpene with at least one heterogeneous acidic catalyst and at least one solvent used to control the reaction temperature for a desired time and temperature to produce a crude terpene dimer (C.sub.20H.sub.32 mixture) in about 65% to about 95% chemical yield, hydrogenating the crude terpene dimer (C.sub.20H.sub.32 mixture) with at least one hydrogenation catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere and removing the hydrogenating catalyst(s) to produce about 65% by weight to about 95% by weight of hydrogenated terpene dimer mixture, and utilizing a separation method against the hydrogenated terpene dimer mixture to produce byproducts, where the process generates a hydrocarbon mixture with a viscosity of between about 20 and 50 cSt at 40 C.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a butadiene pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such organisms to produce butadiene.

The disclosure provides catalyst materials useful for hydrogenating olefins and shifting carbon monoxide and methods for using such catalyst materials. In one aspect, the disclosure provides catalyst materials including (a) copper, present in the range of about 20 weight % to about 80 weight %; (b) one or more stabilizer oxides stable under reducing conditions, each stabilizer oxide being a transition metal oxide or a metalloid oxide, the one or more stabilizer oxides being present in a total amount in the range of about 20 weight % to about 70 weight %; and (c) one or more multiple-valence metals, each multiple-valence metal being present in a positive oxidation state, the one or more multiple-valence metals are present in the range of about 0.1 weight % to about 40 weight %, all on an oxide basis.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream into a reaction zone of a reactor, the feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. An additional stream is introduced into the reaction zone of the reactor, the additional stream comprising carbon dioxide. A combined stream that includes the feed stream and the additional stream is converted into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbons in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a mixed metal oxide catalyst component, and a microporous catalyst component. The process operates at a gas hourly space velocity in excess of 2500 hr.sup.1 and effectively yields a net carbon dioxide selectivity of less than 5.0% and a productivity of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 hydrocarbons greater than 75 g hydrocarbons per kilogram of catalyst per hour.