In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a process for dehydrogenating a first dehydrogenation reactant into its unsaturated counterparts. The disclosed process comprises introducing a dehydrogenation reactant to a metal oxide catalyst having dehydrogenation activity, and dehydrogenating the dehydrogenation reactant to provide its unsaturated counterpart and hydrogen; selectively combusting the hydrogen released during dehydrogenation using a lattice oxygen from the metal oxide catalyst, resulting in a reduced metal oxide catalyst and steam; re-oxidizing the reduced metal oxide catalyst by introducing a gaseous oxidant to the reduced metal oxide catalyst; and optionally re-using the re-oxidized metal oxide catalyst for catalytic conversion and combustion. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present invention provides a process for producing butadiene by oxidative dehydrogenation of butylene, comprising: a reaction stage, wherein a multi-stage adiabatic fixed bed in series is used, wherein butylene, oxygen-comprising gas and water are reacted in the presence of a catalyst in each stage of the adiabatic fixed bed with the first stage of the adiabatic fixed bed being further separately fed a diluent, being nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide, and the molar ratio between this separately fed diluents and the oxygen of all the oxygen-comprising gases fed in the subsequent stage(s) of the adiabatic fixed bed being controlled, wherein the oxygen-comprising gas is air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen, and at least one of all the oxygen-comprising gases fed in the subsequent stage(s) of the adiabatic fixed bed is oxygen-enriched air having a specific oxygen concentration or oxygen; and a post treatment stage, wherein the effluent from the last stage of the adiabatic fixed bed is treated to obtain a product butadiene. The present invention has an advantage that the whole process is with reduced total energy consumption.

A process is presented for the oxidative dehydrogenation of butenes to butadienes. The process includes the use of parallel reactors, wherein the reactors are operated at different pressures. A butene feedstream is split into several portions wherein each portion is passed to a different reactor. Each reactor generates an effluent stream, and the effluent stream is cooled to generate steam for use in a lower pressure reactor.

A method for producing an unsaturated hydrocarbon, comprising: a step of contacting a raw material gas containing an alkane with a dehydrogenation catalyst to obtain a product gas containing at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon selected from a group consisting of olefins and conjugated dienes, wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst contains at least one additive element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, and Ca, Al, Mg, a group 14 metal element, and Pt, and a content of the additive element is 0.05% by mass or more and 0.70% by mass or less based on a total mass of the dehydrogenation catalyst.

A propylene production method includes: a reaction step of supplying a fresh raw material and a recycled raw material to a reactor to obtain a crude product; a gas-liquid separation step of separating the crude product into a gas phase and a liquid phase; a propylene recovery step of recovering propylene from the gas phase; and a recycling step of recovering the recycled raw material from the liquid phase.

Provided is a production method for indan and hydrindane, including a reaction step of introducing a raw material composition including tetrahydroindene into a continuous reactor including a solid catalyst containing platinum, and bringing the raw material composition into contact with the solid catalyst under the conditions of 150? C. to 350? C. to obtain a reaction product including indan and hydrindane, in which the amount (mol/min) of hydrogen molecules is 5 times or less the amount (mol/min) of tetrahydroindene, and the amount (mol/min) of oxygen molecules is 0.1 times or less the amount (mol/min) of tetrahydroindene.

The present disclosure provides an active material comprising a mixed metal oxide in a hydrotalcite derived rocksalt structure, a processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons using the active material, and a method of preparing the active material.

A catalyst which is highly active in dehydrogenation reaction of an alkylaromatic hydrocarbon not only in high-temperature regions (e.g. 600 to 650 C.) as found in the inlet of a catalyst bed in an apparatus for the production of SM but also in low-temperature regions (e.g. under 600 C.) as found in the outlet of a catalyst bed in an apparatus for the production of SM, where the temperature decreases as a result of endothermic reaction; and a process for producing the catalyst; and a dehydrogenation process using the catalyst. The catalyst contains iron (Fe), potassium (K), and cerium (Ce), and at least one rare earth element other than cerium.

The present invention relates to a dehydrogenation process starting from reagents selected from single butenes, or mixtures thereof, or mixtures of butenes with butanes, to give 1-3 butadiene using catalytic composition of microspheroidal alumina and an active component containing a mixture comprising Gallium and/or Gallium oxides, Tin and/or Tin oxides, a quantity ranging from 1 ppm to 500 ppm with respect to the total weight of the catalytic composition of platinum and/or platinum oxides, and oxides of alkaline and/or alkaline earth metals.

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising i) a catalyst, in oxidic form, metals M1, M2, M3 and M4, wherein: M1 is selected from Si, Al, Zr, and mixtures thereof; M2 is selected from Pt, Cr, and mixtures thereof; M3 is selected from W, Mo, Re and mixtures thereof; M4 is selected from Sn, K, Y, Yb and mixtures thereof; and ii) a hydrogen scavenger selected from at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal derivative, preferably in metallic, hydride, salt, complex or alloy form; as well as a hydrocarbon conversion process utilizing this catalyst.