An OCM catalyst composition characterized by general formula A.sub.aLa.sub.bE.sub.cD.sub.dO.sub.x; wherein A is an alkaline earth metal; wherein E is a first rare earth element; wherein D is a redox agent or a second rare earth element; wherein the first rare earth element and second rare earth element are different; wherein a is 1.0; wherein b is 0.01-10.0; wherein c is 0-10.0; wherein d is 0-10.0; and wherein x balances the oxidation states. The alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and combinations thereof. The first rare earth element and the second rare earth element can each independently be selected from the group consisting of Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and combinations thereof. The redox agent is selected from the group consisting of Mn, W, Bi, Sb, Sn, Ce, Pr, and combinations thereof.

Process for the conversion of plastics to olefins comprising the following steps: A) gasification of the plastics to synthesis gas by reaction of the plastics with pure oxygen; B) catalytic conversion of the synthesis gas produced in stage A) to methane in at least three successive stages, in each of which hydrogen is added; C) catalytic conversion of the methane produced in stage B) into olefins by the oxidative coupling reaction of methane; and D) separation of the olefins produced in stage C) from other compounds present in the reaction mixture of said stage C).

A supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst comprising a support and an OCM catalytic composition characterized by the general formula A.sub.aZ.sub.bE.sub.cD.sub.dO.sub.x; wherein A is an alkaline earth metal; wherein Z is a first rare earth element; wherein E is a second rare earth element; wherein D is a redox agent or a third rare earth element; wherein the first rare earth element, the second rare earth element, and the third rare earth element, when present, are not the same; wherein a is 1.0; wherein b is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein c is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein d is from about 0 to about 10.0; and wherein x balances the oxidation states.

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane and higher hydrocarbons is described using SO.sub.3 and sulfate, sulfite, bisulfite and metabifulfite salts as oxygen transfer agents in the presence of one or more elements selected from Groups 3 to 14 of the periodic table, optionally further in the presence of alkali or alkaline salts and/or sulfur-containing compounds.

A systems and a method for isomerizing a feedstock to form an alpha-olefin product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing an olefin feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating the alpha-olefin from a reactor effluent.

This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, beryllium, oxygen, and optionally aluminum.

This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising (a) at least one layer of a first catalyst comprising a dehydrogenation active metal on a solid support; (b) at least one layer of a second catalyst comprising a metal oxide; and (c) at least one layer of a third catalyst comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; wherein the at least one layer of a second catalyst is sandwiched between the at least one layer of a first catalyst and the at least one layer of a third catalyst; and a process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feed with the catalyst system.

The present invention is concerned with a catalyst for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene comprising a component A selected from the list consisting of zeolite, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, or any combination thereof; and a component B.sub.cat comprising a mixed metal oxide, a catalyst precursor for the preparation of a catalyst for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene comprising a component A selected from the list consisting of zeolite, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, or any combination thereof; and a component B.sub.pre comprising a layered double hydroxide (LDH) as well as a process for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene, in which said catalyst is used.

The disclosure relates to a single-atom-based catalyst system with total-length control of single-atom catalytic sites. The single-atom-based catalyst system comprises at least one catalyst structure comprising a first assembly of a plurality of single-atom-catalyst superparticles. The single-atom-catalyst superparticles comprise a second assembly of a plurality of single-atom-catalyst nanoparticles. The single-atom-based catalyst system has controlled porosity and spatial distribution of active single-atom catalysts from the atomic scale to the macroscopic scale. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Provided is a technique of producing isoprene from 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol or 1,3-butadiene from 1,3-butanediol by using a single catalyst. A catalyst produces a conjugated diene containing zirconium oxide and calcium oxide in order to produce isoprene by removing two water molecules from one 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol molecule or produce 1,3-butadiene by removing two water molecules from one 1,3-butanediol molecule. Furthermore, a method for producing a conjugated diene includes a step of obtaining a fluid containing a conjugated diene that is isoprene or 1,3-butadiene by bringing a fluid containing 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol or a fluid containing 1,3-butanediol into contact with the catalyst for producing a conjugated diene as a single catalyst so as to cause a dehydration reaction to proceed.