Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include (I) contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with a catalyst that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can also include (II) contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce a regenerated catalyst. The process can also include (III) contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst. A cycle time from the contacting the hydrocarbon-containing feed with the catalyst in step (I) to the contacting the additional hydrocarbon-containing feed with the regenerated catalyst in step (III) can be ≤5 hours.

The disclosure relates to a single-atom-based catalyst system with total-length control of single-atom catalytic sites. The single-atom-based catalyst system comprises at least one catalyst structure comprising a first assembly of a plurality of single-atom-catalyst superparticles. The single-atom-catalyst superparticles comprise a second assembly of a plurality of single-atom-catalyst nanoparticles. The single-atom-based catalyst system has controlled porosity and spatial distribution of active single-atom catalysts from the atomic scale to the macroscopic scale. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include contacting a hydrocarbon-containing feed with fluidized catalyst particles that can include a Group 8-10 element or a compound thereof disposed on a support to effect one or more of dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and dehydrocyclization of at least a portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can also include contacting at least a portion of the coked catalyst particles with an oxidant to effect combustion of at least a portion of the coke to produce regenerated catalyst particles. The process can also include contacting an additional quantity of the hydrocarbon-containing feed with at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst particles to produce additional effluent and re-coked catalyst particles.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a butadiene pathway. The invention additionally provides methods of using such organisms to produce butadiene.

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogeneous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

An OCM nanoplate catalyst comprising >25 wt. % nanoplates; wherein a nanoplate is a three-dimensional object defined in accordance with ISO/TS 80004-2:2015; wherein a nanoplate is characterized by a first external dimension (thickness (t)>100 nm), a second external dimension (length (l)≥t), and a third external dimension (width (w)≥t); wherein l and w can be the same or different; and wherein l≥5 t, w≥5 t, or l≥5 t and w≥5 t; and wherein the OCM nanoplate catalyst has general formula A.sub.aZ.sub.bE.sub.cD.sub.dO.sub.x; wherein A=alkaline earth metal; Z=first rare earth element; E=second rare earth element; D=redox agent/third rare earth element; wherein the first, second, and third rare earth element are not the same; wherein a=1.0; wherein b=1.0 to 3.0; wherein c=0 to 1.5; wherein d=0 to 1.5; wherein (b>(c+d)); and wherein x balances the oxidation states.

This disclosure relates to catalysts comprising gallium, cerium, and a mixed oxide support useful in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, to methods for making such catalysts, and to methods for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons with such catalysts. For example, in one embodiment, a catalyst composition includes gallium oxide, present in the composition in an amount within the range of about 0.1 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, cerium oxide, present in the composition in an amount within the range of about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, a promoter, M1, selected from Pt, Ir, La, or a mixture thereof, present in the composition in an amount within the range of about 0.005 wt. % to about 4 wt. %, a promoter, M2, selected from the group 1 elements (e.g., Li, Na, K, Cs), present in the composition in an amount within the range of about 0.05 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, and a support, S1, selected from alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, or a mixture thereof, present in the composition in an amount within the range of about 60 wt. % to about 99 wt. %.

A method of producing at least one compound comprising an alkenyl group from at least one compound comprising an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, the method comprising: (i) Providing a mixture comprising carbon dioxide and at least one compound comprising an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms; and (ii) Contacting said mixture with a catalyst comprising one or both of palladium and platinum and one or more lanthanide, thereby converting at least a portion of the at least one compound comprising an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms into a compound comprising an alkenyl group, the total of the weight of the palladium and/or platinum being more than 0.1 wt % of the catalyst.

Catalysts, catalytic forms and formulations, and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts and catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

A catalyst for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide; and the component II is one or more than one of zeolite of CHA and AEI structures or metal modified CHA and/or AEI zeolite. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component Ito the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has high product yield and selectivity, wherein the sum of the selectivity of the propylene and butylene reaches 40-75%; and the sum of the selectivity of light olefin comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%. Meanwhile, the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 15%.