The disclosure concerns a process to perform a reaction of alkane transformation into olefins, said process comprising the steps of (a) providing a stream of light alkane-comprising feedstock with one or more alkanes and one or more oxidants selected from CO.sub.2 and/or COS; and providing at least one fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles; (b) putting the particles of the bed in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; and (c) heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 600 C. to 1500 C. to conduct the reaction; the process is remarkable in that the step c) is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed; the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles, and in that, at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 to 500 Ohm.Math.cm at 800 C.

Processes, catalysts, and reactor systems for reforming heavy aromatic compounds (C.sub.11+) into C.sub.6-8 aromatic compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are processes, catalysts, and reactor systems for producing aromatic compounds and liquid fuels from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like.

Disclosed herein is a process for dehydrogenating a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and/or 5-membered ring compound with a dehydrogenation catalyst. The dehydrogenation catalyst comprises: (i) 0.05 wt % to 5 wt % of a metal selected from Group 14 of the Periodic Table of Elements; and (ii) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a metal selected from Groups 6 to 10 of the Periodic Table of Elements. The process is conducted under dehydrogenation conditions effective to dehydrogenate at least a portion saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and/or 5-membered ring compound.

In a process for producing methyl-substituted biphenyl compounds, a feed comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene and mixtures thereof is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation reaction product comprising (methylcyclohexyl)toluenes and/or (dimethylcyclohexyl)xylenes together with dialkylated C.sub.21+ compounds. At least part of the dialkylated C.sub.21+ compounds is then removed from the hydroalkylation reaction product to produce a dehydrogenation feed; and at least part of the dehydrogenation feed is dehydrogenated in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a dehydrogenation reaction product comprising a mixture of methyl-substituted biphenyl compounds.

A process for oxidative dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to produce an olefin and water may include contacting, in a fluidized bed, the hydrocarbon with a particulate material, which may include at least one oxygen transfer agent (OTA) and at least one fluidization enhancing additive. During at least a portion of contacting the hydrocarbon with the particulate material, the fluidized bed may be at a temperature at or above a melting point of one or more materials of the oxygen transfer agent. Further, during at least a portion of contacting the hydrocarbon with the particulate material, a surface of at least a portion of the OTA may comprise a molten layer. The fluidization enhancing additive may not undergo reduction in the fluidized bed during contacting the hydrocarbon with the particulate material and may be present in an amount that maintains sufficient fluidization of the particulate material.

The present disclosure provides a method of preparing heptafluoroisobutyronitrile by a gas-phase catalysis. The method includes removing one water molecule from heptafluoroisobutyramide gas to obtain heptafluoroisobutyronitrile by a catalyst. The catalyst includes an oxide of a siderophile element, and the siderophile element includes a moderately siderophile element or a highly siderophile element. The moderately siderophile element is selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tin, gallium, and any combination thereof, and the highly siderophile element is selected from the group consisting of osmium, iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, titanium, and any combination thereof. In the present disclosure, the catalyst is utilized for catalytic dehydration, a cost is low, a water waste, a gas waste and a solid waste are less, a gas-phase continuous reaction can be achieved, and the method is suitable for industrial production. Furthermore, the catalyst has a high catalytic activity and a long catalytic life.