An alkylate base oil of a biological origin having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. from 3 mm.sup.2/s to 20 mm.sup.2/s, and characterized by having a total integral of a .sup.13C NMR spectrum wherein 25-60% of the total integral of the .sup.13C NMR spectrum falls within .sup.13C NMR resonances in ranges for linear long chain alkyl groups given by: C1(13.9-14.2 ppm), C2(22.6-22.8 ppm), C3(31.9-32.05 ppm), C4(29.35-29.45 ppm), and C5+(29.6-29.8 ppm).

An oligomer production method and a catalyst, the method comprising a step of co-oligomerizing a polymerizable monomer including ethylene and an -olefin in the presence of a catalyst containing (A) a compound represented by a formula (1), (B) a compound represented by a formula (2), (C) methylaluminoxane and/or a boron compound and (D) an organozine compound and/or an organoaluminun compound other than methylaluminoxane, and an oligomer production method and a catalyst comprising a step of oligomerizing a polymerizable monomer including an olefin in the presence of a catalyst containing a complex of a ligand being a diimine compound represented by a formula (3) and a metal of Group 8 elements, etc.

The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose) and ethylene in the presence of an acid, such as a Lewis acid. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and 2-methylfuran, which may be converted into para-xylene and toluene, respectively. In particular, para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexane from methylcyclopentane (MCP) and benzene. In the context of the present invention, MCP and benzene are constituents of a hydrocarbon mixture (HM1) additionally comprising dimethylpentanes (DMP), possibly cyclohexane and possibly at least one compound (low boiler) selected from acyclic C.sub.5-C.sub.6-alkanes and cyclopentane. First of all, benzene is converted in a hydrogenation step to cyclohexane (that present in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM2)), while MCP is isomerized in the presence of a catalyst, preferably of an acidic ionic liquid, to cyclohexane. After the hydrogenation but prior to the isomerization the dimethylpentanes (DMP) are removed, with initial removal of the cyclohexane present in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM2) together with DMP. This cyclohexane already present prior to the isomerization can be separated again from DMP in a downstream rectification step and isolated and/or recycled into the process for cyclohexane preparation. Between the DMP removal and MCP isomerizationif low boilers are present in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1)low boilers are, optionally removed. After the isomerization, the cyclohexane is isolated, optionally with return of unisomerized MCP and optionally of low boilers. Preferably, cyclohexane and/or low boilers are present in the hydrocarbon mixture (HM1), and so a low boiler removal is preferably conducted between the DMP removal from isomerization. It is additionally preferable that the removal of the cyclohexane from DMP is additionally conducted, meaning that the cyclohexane component which arises in the benzene hydrogenation and may be present in the starting mixture (HM1) is isolated and hence recovered.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing an -olefin low polymer at a high -olefin low polymer selectivity and a high -olefin low polymer yield with suppressing the deterioration of catalytic activity with time, and the invention relates to a method for producing an -olefin low polymer, which comprises performing a low polymerization reaction of an -olefin in the presence of a catalyst containing a chlorine atom-containing compound (d) and a reaction solvent, wherein the chlorine atom-containing compound (d) that are at least two compounds having specific chlorine atom elimination rate is supplied in predetermined ratio.

A composition comprising olefin oligomers of one or more olefin monomers, the olefin monomers comprising a branched C.sub.10 olefin monomer comprising i) 3-propyl-1-heptene, ii) 4-ethyl-1-octene, iii) 5-methyl-1-nonene, or iv) any combination thereof. A composition comprising substantially hydrogenated olefin oligomers, wherein the olefin oligomers are oligomers of one or more olefin monomers, the olefin monomers comprising a branched C.sub.10 olefin monomer comprising i) 3-propyl-1-heptene, ii) 4-ethyl-1-octene, iii) 5-methyl-1-nonene, or iv) any combination thereof. A process comprising a) contacting 1) a catalyst system and 2) a monomer feedstock comprising a branched C.sub.10 olefin monomer comprising i) 3-propyl-1-heptene, ii) 4-ethyl-1-octene, iii) 5-methyl-1-nonene, or iv) any combination thereof in a reaction zone; and b) forming olefin oligomers.

The present invention refers to processes for preparing catalyst loaded polyphenylene particles, the so-obtained polyphenylene particles and their use as catalysts.

Provided is a Group 9 novel metal catalyst complex further comprising a ketone-containing cocatalyst. The metal catalyst complex is useful in generating olefins from alkanes with great efficiency. In one embodiment, provided is an iridium catalyst complex useful in the dehydrogenation of alkanes comprising a ketone-containing cocatalyst and iridium complexed with a tridentate ligand. Also provided is a novel dehydrogenation method which utilizes the catalyst composition. In other embodiments, a novel process for preparing oligomers from alkanes utilizing the catalyst composition is provided.

An alkylate base oil of biological origin and a process to make an alkylate base oil comprising: a) hydrogenating a farnesene to make a farnesane comprising from zero to less than 5 wt % unsaturated molecules; and b) alkylating the farnesane with one or more C6 to C43 olefins in the presence of an acidic alkylation catalyst to make the alkylate base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. from 3 mm.sup.2/s to 20 mm.sup.2/s.

The invention relates to a process for producing a particulate, Si-bonded fluidized-bed catalyst having improved abrasion resistance, which comprises the steps I. provision of an aqueous suspension comprising zeolite particles, II. addition of a silicone resin mixture comprising one or more hydrolyzable silicone resin precondensates and mixing of the aqueous suspension and the silicone resin mixture, III. spray drying of the mixture obtained from step II, with the mixture being homogenized before spray drying, and IV. calcination of the spray-dried fluidized-bed catalyst obtained from step III,
and an Si-bonded fluidized-bed catalyst which can be produced by this process and also its use for the nonoxidative dehydroaromatization of C.sub.1-C.sub.4-aliphatics.