Compounds are provided having the following Structure (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.1, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.2a, L.sup.2b, and A are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided.

Provided is a compound of Formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein the variable groups are defined herein.

The present invention relates to chemical compounds of formula (I), with the substituents as described in the specification, useful in the positive modulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7 nAChR). The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of a broad range of diseases in which the positive modulation of 7 nAChR is advantageous, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and also neuropathic pain and inflammatory diseases. ##STR00001##

A process of converting a carbon-carbon multiple bond to a cyclopropane ring, comprising the addition of a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound to a mixture of alkene precursor, aqueous base and Pd(II)-catalyst, with the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound obtained directly from an alkyl amine derivative, NaNO.sub.2 and an acid via phase separation of the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound from the aqueous phase.

The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula: ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables R.sup.A, subscript n, ring A, X.sup.2, L, subscript m, X.sup.1, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.N have the meaning as described herein, and compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds and compositions.

Compounds of formula (I) can modulate the activity of one or more S1P receptors and/or the activity of autotaxin (ATX).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to chemical compounds of formula (I), with the substituents as described in the specification, useful in the positive modulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7 nAChR). The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of a broad range of diseases in which the positive modulation of 7 nAChR is advantageous, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and also neuropathic pain and inflammatory diseases.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (IVA), or a salt thereof, and pharmaceutical formulations (pharmaceutical compositions) comprising those compounds, or a salt thereof: Formula (IVA), wherein R.sup.Ia, R.sup.Ib, R.sup.Ic, R.sup.Id, R.sup.Ie, are defined herein above, which compounds are believed suitable for use in positive modulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7 nAChR) receptors, for example, those found in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Such compounds and pharmaceutical formulations are believed to be useful in treatment or management of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease (PD), or movement disorders arising from use of certain medications used in the treatment or management of Parkinson's disease.

##STR00001##

The present invention involves a compound represented by general formula (I), a derivative thereof and a use thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5a, R.sup.5b, R.sup.5c and X are defined as in the description.

The invention provides compounds represented by the formula (1)

##STR00001##

wherein X and Y are oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, Z is a hydroxyl group or the like, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl groups and the like, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are alkyl groups and the like, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen atoms and the like, R.sup.7 is a substituted phenyl group or the like, and Q is an aryl group or the like, or salts thereof, pest control agents containing the compounds as active ingredients, and methods for use thereof.