Provided are a method for industrially advantageously producing a highly purified pentapeptide and an intermediate thereof.

A compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof:

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wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an aralkyl group.

Provided are a method for industrially advantageously producing a highly purified pentapeptide and an intermediate thereof.

A compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof:

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wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an aralkyl group.

The present invention provides compositions comprising metal complexes, and related methods. In some embodiments, metal complexes of the invention may be useful as catalysts for chemical reactions, including metathesis reactions, wherein the catalysts exhibit enhanced activity and stereoselectivity. In some embodiments, the invention may advantageously provide metal complexes comprising a stereogenic metal atom. Such metal complexes may be useful in enantioselective catalysis.

Provided are a process for preparing (3R,4R)-1-benzyl-N,4-dimethylpiperidin-3-amine or a salt thereof, which is an intermediate useful for the preparation of tofacitinib, an intermediate used in the process, i.e., isopropanol solvate of methyl ((3R,4R)-1-benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)carbamate dibenzoyl-L-tartrate, an intermediate, having excellent stability, useful for the preparation of tofacitinib, i.e., (3R,4R)-1-benzyl-N,4-dimethylpiperidin-3-amine acetate, and a process for preparing tofacitinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing an intermediate of Apixaban comprising reacting a compound of formula I with 5-chloro-valeryl chloride in the presence of inorganic base in an inert solvent to obtain a compound of formula II, with the reaction formula of (A), wherein R is selected from nitro group and the group (B). The method is mild in reaction condition, simple in operation, easy in purification, inexpensive in production cost, environmental-friendly, and suitable for industrial production. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing an intermediate of Apixaban comprising reacting a compound of formula I with 5-chloro-valeryl chloride in the presence of inorganic base in an inert solvent to obtain a compound of formula II, with the reaction formula of (A), wherein R is selected from nitro group and the group (B). The method is mild in reaction condition, simple in operation, easy in purification, inexpensive in production cost, environmental-friendly, and suitable for industrial production. ##STR00001##