Provided are: a dicyano N-heterocyclic compound represented by formula (I) (in the formula, R.sup.3 represents an electron-donating group, and n represents the number of repetitions of the content in brackets and is 0 or 1), the compound having exceptional heat resistance and light emission characteristics; a light-emitting material; and a light-emitting element in which the same is used. ##STR00001##

This method for producing a fullerene derivative is a method for producing a fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown by formula (1) by reacting a predetermined halogenated compound and two carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton in a mixed solvent of an aromatic solvent and an aprotic polar solvent having a C═O or S═O bond in the presence of at least one metal selected from the group comprising manganese, iron, and zinc; ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), C* are each carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton, A is a linking group having 1-4 carbon atoms for forming a ring structure with two C*, in which a portion thereof may be a substituted or condensed group).

This method for producing a fullerene derivative is a method for producing a fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown by formula (1) by reacting a predetermined halogenated compound and two carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton in a mixed solvent of an aromatic solvent and an aprotic polar solvent having a C═O or S═O bond in the presence of at least one metal selected from the group comprising manganese, iron, and zinc; ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), C* are each carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton, A is a linking group having 1-4 carbon atoms for forming a ring structure with two C*, in which a portion thereof may be a substituted or condensed group).

The present disclosure provides compounds with a hydrophilic self-immolative linker, which is cleavable under appropriate conditions and incorporates a hydrophilic group to provide better solubility of the compound. The compounds of the present disclosure comprise a drug moiety, a targeting moiety capable of targeting a selected cell population, and a linker which contains an acyl unit, an optional spacer unit for providing distance between the drug moiety and the targeting moiety, a peptide linker which can be cleavable under appropriate conditions, a hydrophilic self-immolative linker, and an optional second self-immolative spacer or cyclization self-elimination linker.

The present disclosure provides compounds with a hydrophilic self-immolative linker, which is cleavable under appropriate conditions and incorporates a hydrophilic group to provide better solubility of the compound. The compounds of the present disclosure comprise a drug moiety, a targeting moiety capable of targeting a selected cell population, and a linker which contains an acyl unit, an optional spacer unit for providing distance between the drug moiety and the targeting moiety, a peptide linker which can be cleavable under appropriate conditions, a hydrophilic self-immolative linker, and an optional second self-immolative spacer or cyclization self-elimination linker.

Described herein are compounds that activate pyruvate kinase R, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. These compounds are represented by Formula (I): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2 are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

Described herein are compounds that activate pyruvate kinase, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. These compounds are represented by Formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.j, R.sup.k, and Q are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

Described herein are compounds that activate pyruvate kinase, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. These compounds are represented by Formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.j, R.sup.k, and Q are as defined herein.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to organic electroluminescent materials and organic electroluminescent devices, in particular, discloses a compound of formula (1), wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-20 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-20 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 contains a group having a hole-transporting ability; and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 contains a group having an electron-transporting ability; A and B each independently represent hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted, fused aromatic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted, fused heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom(s) selected from O, N and S. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to organic electroluminescent materials and organic electroluminescent devices, in particular, discloses a compound of formula (1), wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-20 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-20 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 contains a group having a hole-transporting ability; and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 contains a group having an electron-transporting ability; A and B each independently represent hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted, fused aromatic ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted, fused heteroaromatic ring containing a heteroatom(s) selected from O, N and S. ##STR00001##