The present invention relates to a compound for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) and a composition for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) comprising the said compound. More precisely, the compound for detecting phosgene and DCP of the present invention can selectively detect phosgene and DCP either in the liquid phase of gas phase by detecting the changes of fluorescence and color development very quickly within a few seconds with nM sensitivity. Therefore, the compound can also be effectively used as an ingredient for the composition and kit for the detection of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of phosgene and DCP.

The invention is concerned with compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, screening methods, and therapeutic methods for preventing or reducing a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and/or propagation associated with dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR). Described herein are compounds which bind on at least one three-dimensional cavity of the DCIR, the cavity(ies) being involved in the interaction between HIV-1 and DCIR. Also described are screening methods for identifying active inhibitors and method of using such inhibitors for the prevention or treatment of virus infections, and more particularly for reducing human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) binding, entry and/or replication in human cells.

The invention is concerned with compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, screening methods, and therapeutic methods for preventing or reducing a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection and/or propagation associated with dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR). Described herein are compounds which bind on at least one three-dimensional cavity of the DCIR, the cavity(ies) being involved in the interaction between HIV-1 and DCIR. Also described are screening methods for identifying active inhibitors and method of using such inhibitors for the prevention or treatment of virus infections, and more particularly for reducing human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) binding, entry and/or replication in human cells.

Provided herein are deuterated compounds and compositions useful in increasing PPARδ activity. The compounds and compositions provided herein are useful for the treatment of PPARδ related diseases (e.g., muscular diseases, vascular disease, demyelinating disease, and metabolic diseases).

1,3-Dipole-functional compounds (e.g., azide functional compounds) can be reacted with certain alkynes in a cyclization reaction to form heterocyclic compounds. Useful alkynes (e.g., strained, cyclic alkynes) and methods of making such alkynes are also disclosed. The reaction of 1,3-dipole-functional compounds with alkynes can be used for a wide variety of applications including the immobilization of biomolecules on a substrate.

1,3-Dipole-functional compounds (e.g., azide functional compounds) can be reacted with certain alkynes in a cyclization reaction to form heterocyclic compounds. Useful alkynes (e.g., strained, cyclic alkynes) and methods of making such alkynes are also disclosed. The reaction of 1,3-dipole-functional compounds with alkynes can be used for a wide variety of applications including the immobilization of biomolecules on a substrate.

A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels.

Certain aspects of the invention relate to compounds, compositions and methods that are useful for treating or preventing a disease in a subject by enhancing the degradation of a protein. In other aspects, said compounds can be useful research tools for investigating protein degradation. In other aspects, said compounds are useful research tools for investigating protein function. In certain embodiments, the degraded protein is implicated in a disease or disorder whose pathology is related at least in part to the excessive expression of the protein or the expression of a mutant form of the protein.

Certain aspects of the invention relate to compounds, compositions and methods that are useful for treating or preventing a disease in a subject by enhancing the degradation of a protein. In other aspects, said compounds can be useful research tools for investigating protein degradation. In other aspects, said compounds are useful research tools for investigating protein function. In certain embodiments, the degraded protein is implicated in a disease or disorder whose pathology is related at least in part to the excessive expression of the protein or the expression of a mutant form of the protein.

Methods for treating cancer using compounds that inhibit human DNA ligases. Methods for using compounds that inhibit human DNA ligases to provide insights into the reaction mechanisms of human DNA ligases, for example to identify the human DNA ligase involved in different DNA repair pathways. Screening methods for compounds that inhibit human DNA ligases.