Disclosed are salts of a compound of formula 1, as shown below, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are as described herein. Also, disclosed is a process for the preparation of the salts of the compounds of formula 1, and intermediates used therein. The salts of the compound of formula 1 can be useful for preparation of halichondrin analogs such as eribulin. ##STR00001##

Provided are a heterocyclic carboxylic acid amide ligand and applications thereof in a copper catalyzed coupling reaction. Specifically, provided are uses of a compound represented by formula (I), definitions of radical groups being described in the specifications. The compound represented by formula (I) can be used as the ligand in the copper catalyzed coupling reaction of the aryl halogeno substitute, and is used or catalyzing the coupling reaction for forming the aryl halogeno substitute having CN, CO, CS and other bonds.

##STR00001##

Provided are a heterocyclic carboxylic acid amide ligand and applications thereof in a copper catalyzed coupling reaction. Specifically, provided are uses of a compound represented by formula (I), definitions of radical groups being described in the specifications. The compound represented by formula (I) can be used as the ligand in the copper catalyzed coupling reaction of the aryl halogeno substitute, and is used or catalyzing the coupling reaction for forming the aryl halogeno substitute having CN, CO, CS and other bonds.

##STR00001##

The present invention is aimed to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing a furan compound, in which a furan compound can be efficiently obtained in a high selectivity from a furfural compound. The present invention is concerned with a method for producing a furan compound including feeding, as a raw material, a furfural composition containing a furfural compound into a reactor and subjecting to a decarbonylation reaction in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a furan compound as a product, wherein a furfural dimer concentration in the furfural composition is 1,000 ppm by weight or less, and a peroxide value in the furfural composition is 0.01 mEq/kg or more and 1.0 mEq/kg or less.

The present disclosure provides processes for the production of 2-5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and intermediates thereof by the chemocatalytic conversion of a furanic oxidation substrate. The present disclosure further provides processes for preparing derivatives of FDCA and FDCA-based polymers. In addition, the present disclosure provides crystalline preparations of FDCA, as well as processes for making the same.

A process for the hydrogenation of a substrate comprising a carbon heteroatom double bond in the presence of a transition metal complex comprising a tridentate or bisdentate-ligand containing a nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus atom, of which at least the N- and P- and optionally also the S-atom coordinates with the transition metal.

This disclosure provides a method for preparing a precursor of a single dairy-lactone isomer, methods of preparing a single dairy-lactone isomer, and to the organoleptic uses thereof.

An ester composition including at least 90% wt of the dialkyi ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as starting dialkyi ester concentration and up to 5% wt of the monoalkyi ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid as starting monoalkyi ester concentration, the percentages being based on the weight of the ester composition, is purified in a process which includes subjecting the ester composition to melt crystallization to yield a purified dialkyi ester composition containing a dialkyi ester concentration higher than the starting dialkyi ester concentration and a melt residue containing a monoalkyi ester concentration higher than the starting monoalkyi ester concentration. From the melt residue a purified monoalkyi ester composition and a contaminants-rich residue can be prepared via melt crystallization. The purified dialkyi ester composition and/or the purified monoalkyi ester composition can be hydrolyzed to yield purified 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid.

The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing an optionally substituted furoic acid by dehydrating a biomass and oxidizing the optionally substituted furan derived from the dehydration reaction. Water extraction has been incorporated as a step between the dehydration and the oxidation in order to purify the intermediate optionally substituted furan before having it oxidized. Prior to this water extraction, the organic solvent used for dehydration may be separated by evaporation. The provision of the water extraction allows impurities to be separated from the intermediate optionally substituted furan.

A method for the reduction organic molecules comprising a Ruthenium-Triphosphine complex with aromatic ligands at the phosphors which are ortho or meta substituted.