An organic EL device includes a first hole transporting zone including a first anode-side organic layer and a second anode-side organic layer, in which at least one of the first anode-side organic layer or the second anode-side organic layer contains an additive material, and when the first anode-side organic layer contains a fourth material as the additive material, Numerical Formula N1 and N2 are satisfied:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{NM}}_1>{\mathrm{NM}}_2& \left(\mathrm{Numerical}\mathrm{Formula}\mathrm{N1}\right)\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{NM}}_{14}>N{M}_{10}& \left(\mathrm{Numerical}\mathrm{Formula}\mathrm{N2}\right)\end{array}$

where NM.sub.1 represents a refractive index of a constituent material in the first anode-side organic layer; NM.sub.2 represents a refractive index of a constituent material in the second anode-side organic layer; NM.sub.10 represents a refractive index of the constituent material in the first anode-side organic layer not containing the fourth material; and NM.sub.14 represents a refractive index of the constituent material in the first anode-side organic layer containing the fourth material.

The present invention provides novel 4-methylsulphone-substituted piperidine urea compounds that are useful for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and conditions associated with left and/or right ventricular systolic dysfunction or systolic reserve. The synthesis and characterization of the compounds is described, as well as methods for treating DCM and other forms of heart disease.

The present invention provides novel 4-methylsulphone-substituted piperidine urea compounds that are useful for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and conditions associated with left and/or right ventricular systolic dysfunction or systolic reserve. The synthesis and characterization of the compounds is described, as well as methods for treating DCM and other forms of heart disease.