Disclosed herein are embodiments of gold nanoparticles and methods of making and using the gold nanoparticles. The disclosed gold nanoparticles have core sizes and polydispersities controlled by the methods of making the gold nanoparticles. In some embodiments, the methods of making the gold nanoparticles can concern using flow reactors and reaction conditions controlled to make gold nanoparticles having a desired core size. The gold nanoparticles disclosed herein also comprise various ligands that can be used to facilitate the use of the gold nanoparticles in a variety of applications.

The compound represented by the following general formula is useful as a light emitting material. Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, provided that at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represents a diarylamino group. ##STR00001##

Precursors are prepared and employed in electron beam induced decomposition (EBID). The EBID precursors are complexes of the formula: X-M-Y, where M is Au or Ag; X is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OR.sup.1, O.sub.2CR.sup.2, or R.sup.3; Y is P(OR).sub.3, NR.sub.3, unsubstituted or substituted pyrrole, unsubstituted or substituted pyridine, unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidine, or unsubstituted or substituted piperidine; and where R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and substituents of the substituted pyrrole, pyridine, pyrrolidine, or piperidine are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 perfluoroalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 partially fluorinated alkyl, and SiR.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7 where R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 fluorinated alkyl. The decomposition of the EBID precursor results in the formation of one or more gold, silver, or any combination thereof features on a substrate.

The present invention relates to the synthesis of a variety of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) using low temperature and solvents which are considered to be not particularly harmful to the environment. There is also provided novel MOFs which may be made by the desired processes.

A compound that is useful for forming a metal by reaction with a reducing agent is described by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein M is a metal selected from Groups 2 through 12 of the Periodic Table; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently H or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl.

The invention relates to a phthalocyanine compound, which has a structure as represented by Formula I, wherein A represents a transition metal or a rare earth metal; R1 represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or a C.sub.4-C.sub.16 n-alkyl group. The aromatic phthalocyanine compound having the structure of Formula I provided in the invention contains a transition metal or a rare earth metal, and introduces a peripheral substituent into a linearly extended 7c-conjugated system. It is relatively stabler at 400° C. or less and will be easily evaporated in vacuum to form a uniform thin film, and has good thermal stability, high chemical stability, and high mobility. The organic semiconductor device has the features of relatively fast on-off speed, relatively high on-off ratio, and strong reliability.

##STR00001##

A method for forming a metal-organic framework comprising a step of providing a substrate; a single step of forming a single layer of metal oxide formed on the substrate said layer of metal oxide being transformed in whole or in part into metal-organic framework by successive implementation of a plurality of reaction cycles; each reaction cycle of the plurality of reaction cycles comprising: a treatment step with at least one ligand; a treatment step with at least one additive; the reaction cycles being implemented at least twice so as to form the metal-organic framework on the substrate.

A power storage device electrode includes a layered structure having an organic framework layer containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid anions and an alkali metal element layer in which alkali metal elements are coordinated to oxygen atoms contained in the carboxylic acid anion to form a framework as an electrode active material, and in the whole of the electrode active material, a conductive material and a water-soluble polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose as the water-soluble polymer is contained in a range of 1.5 mass % or more and 3.5 mass % or less. In addition, the layered structure is produced by a spray drying method, and the peak intensity ratio when the power storage device electrode is subjected to X-ray diffraction measurement satisfies a predetermined range.

Heterocyclic diazenyl pyridinone copper(II)-based complexes are provided as pharmacological antitumor agents e.g. to treat breast cancer.

Basic copper gluconate having a formula of C.sub.6H.sub.12CuO.sub.8—X H.sub.2O and the structure of:

##STR00001##

The basic copper gluconate has a theoretical copper content of 23.1% (anhydrous).