A homogeneous catalyst is provided comprising one or more metals; and at least two metal coordinating ligands wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a multi-ligand metal complex adapted for use with an oxidant in an oxidation reaction to catalytically pretreat lignocellulosic biomass. In one embodiment, the homogenous catalyst is copper (II) 2, 2′ bipyridine ethylenediamine (Cu(bpy)en). Related methods are also disclosed.

A homogeneous catalyst is provided comprising one or more metals; and at least two metal coordinating ligands wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a multi-ligand metal complex adapted for use with an oxidant in an oxidation reaction to catalytically pretreat lignocellulosic biomass. In one embodiment, the homogenous catalyst is copper (II) 2, 2′ bipyridine ethylenediamine (Cu(bpy)en). Related methods are also disclosed.

Provided is a thin-film forming raw material containing a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

in the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a group containing a fluorine atom, M represents a metal atom, and “n” represents a valence of the metal atom represented by M, provided that at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 represents the group containing a fluorine atom.

Highly thermal and photo-stable inorganic-organic hybrid phosphor compounds, in which a copper (I) halide module is coordinated with a multi-dentate organic ligand. Also disclosed are semiconductor and light emitting devices comprising these materials, including light emitting diodes, and methods of preparing these materials and devices.

Highly thermal and photo-stable inorganic-organic hybrid phosphor compounds, in which a copper (I) halide module is coordinated with a multi-dentate organic ligand. Also disclosed are semiconductor and light emitting devices comprising these materials, including light emitting diodes, and methods of preparing these materials and devices.

Disclosed are air-stable small-molecule adsorbents trimeric [Cu—Br].sub.3 and [Cu—H].sub.3 that undergo a reversible solid-state molecular rearrangements to [Cu—Br.(alkene)].sub.2 and [Cu—H.(alkene)].sub.2 dimers. The reversible solid-state rearrangement allows one to break adsorbent design trade-offs and achieve low heat of adsorption while retaining high selectivity and uptake.

Disclosed are air-stable small-molecule adsorbents trimeric [Cu—Br].sub.3 and [Cu—H].sub.3 that undergo a reversible solid-state molecular rearrangements to [Cu—Br.(alkene)].sub.2 and [Cu—H.(alkene)].sub.2 dimers. The reversible solid-state rearrangement allows one to break adsorbent design trade-offs and achieve low heat of adsorption while retaining high selectivity and uptake.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device comprising a semiconductor layer which comprises a compound of formula (1).

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device comprising a semiconductor layer which comprises a compound of formula (1).

The present disclosure relates to copper complexes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these complexes, chemical processes for preparing these complexes, and their use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).