Hydroxycitric acid-metal heterocyclic compounds with covalent characteristics are provided. The subject hydroxycitric acid compounds include monomeric hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compounds having a divalent metal, lactone forms thereof, and dimeric compound forms thereof. The monomeric HCA compound includes a divalent metal (X) bonded via a 5-membered ring to both the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of the central C2 carbon of the HCA. In addition, a monovalent metal (Y) can also be bonded to the carboxylic acid of C3 or C1, or to both C1 and C3. The subject dimeric compounds include monomeric HCA compounds linked via a second divalent metal (X) to a carboxylic acid group of each HCA unit at C3 or C1. Also provided are compositions including a monomeric HCA compound and one or more other additional compounds. Methods of alleviating at least one symptom associated with a target disease or condition in a subject are provided.

Hydroxycitric acid-metal heterocyclic compounds with covalent characteristics are provided. The subject hydroxycitric acid compounds include monomeric hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compounds having a divalent metal, lactone forms thereof, and dimeric compound forms thereof. The monomeric HCA compound includes a divalent metal (X) bonded via a 5-membered ring to both the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of the central C2 carbon of the HCA. In addition, a monovalent metal (Y) can also be bonded to the carboxylic acid of C3 or C1, or to both C1 and C3. The subject dimeric compounds include monomeric HCA compounds linked via a second divalent metal (X) to a carboxylic acid group of each HCA unit at C3 or C1. Also provided are compositions including a monomeric HCA compound and one or more other additional compounds. Methods of alleviating at least one symptom associated with a target disease or condition in a subject are provided.

The present invention relates to an electronic device comprising a hole injection layer and/or a hole transport layer and/or a hole generating layer, wherein at least one of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer and the hole generating layer comprises a coordination complex comprising at least one electropositive atom M having an electro-negativity value according to Allen of less than 2.4 and at least one ligand L having the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group, consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 hydrocarbyl groups and C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 heterocyclic groups, wherein R.sup.1 and/or R.sup.2 may optionally be substituted with at least one of CN, F, Cl, Br and I.

The present invention relates to an electronic device comprising a hole injection layer and/or a hole transport layer and/or a hole generating layer, wherein at least one of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer and the hole generating layer comprises a coordination complex comprising at least one electropositive atom M having an electro-negativity value according to Allen of less than 2.4 and at least one ligand L having the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group, consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 hydrocarbyl groups and C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 heterocyclic groups, wherein R.sup.1 and/or R.sup.2 may optionally be substituted with at least one of CN, F, Cl, Br and I.

Compounds, including metal borate compounds, and electronic semiconducting devices including one or more of the compounds. Compounds may be used in a hole transport layer of the electronic semiconducting devices. Display devices, which may include a plurality of OLED pixels. The OLED pixels may include one or more compounds, including metal borate compounds.

Compounds, including metal borate compounds, and electronic semiconducting devices including one or more of the compounds. Compounds may be used in a hole transport layer of the electronic semiconducting devices. Display devices, which may include a plurality of OLED pixels. The OLED pixels may include one or more compounds, including metal borate compounds.

The invention provides extended bisphosphonate-based metal complexes using benzene1,4-bis(bisphosphonic acid) (BBPA), an analog of benzene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC). Hydrothermal synthesis of BBPA with the bioactive metals Ca.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, and Mg.sup.2+ leads to four crystals phases, namely, BBPA-Ca forms I and II, BBPA-Zn form I, and BBPA-Mg form I. Out of the three structures, BBPA-Ca form II presents large channels (8 Å×12 Å), potentiating the use of this framework to load drugs. Cytotoxicity effects of BBPA was elucidated in a human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and a normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell lines. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC.sub.50) for BBPA used to treat both cell lines were >200 μM at 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. The BBPA in the range of concentration employed (0-200 μM) was not cytotoxic against these cell lines.

Production apparatus of triptane includes: carbon dioxide recovery unit configured to recover carbon dioxide from air; hydrogen generation unit configured to electrolyze water by renewable electricity to generate hydrogen; carbon monoxide generation unit configured to generate carbon monoxide from recovered carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated; methanol generation unit configured to generate methanol from carbon monoxide generated and hydrogen generated; acetic acid generation unit configured to generate acetic acid by reacting methanol generated with recovered carbon dioxide or with carbon monoxide generated; acetone generation unit configured to generate acetone and carbon dioxide from acetic acid generated; pinacolone generation unit configured to generate pinacolone from acetone generated; Grignard reagent generation unit configured to generate Grignard reagent from methanol generated; trimethyl butanol generation unit configured to generate 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol by reacting pinacolone generated with Grignard reagent generated; and triptane generation unit configured to generate 2,2,3-trimethylbutane from 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol generated.

Production apparatus of triptane includes: carbon dioxide recovery unit configured to recover carbon dioxide from air; hydrogen generation unit configured to electrolyze water by renewable electricity to generate hydrogen; carbon monoxide generation unit configured to generate carbon monoxide from recovered carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated; methanol generation unit configured to generate methanol from carbon monoxide generated and hydrogen generated; acetic acid generation unit configured to generate acetic acid by reacting methanol generated with recovered carbon dioxide or with carbon monoxide generated; acetone generation unit configured to generate acetone and carbon dioxide from acetic acid generated; pinacolone generation unit configured to generate pinacolone from acetone generated; Grignard reagent generation unit configured to generate Grignard reagent from methanol generated; trimethyl butanol generation unit configured to generate 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol by reacting pinacolone generated with Grignard reagent generated; and triptane generation unit configured to generate 2,2,3-trimethylbutane from 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol generated.

The present invention relates to an electronic device comprising at least one layer comprising a borate salt, wherein the borate salt is comprised in the layer comprising the borate salt In an amount, by weight and/or by volume, exceeding the total amount of other components which may additionally be comprised in the layer, a display device comprising the same and a method for preparing the same.