Cyclen based compounds of general formula (I) are disclosed. X is nitrogen and Y, Z are —CH—, or X, Z are —CH— and Y is nitrogen, or X, Y are —CH— and Z is nitrogen. R.sup.1 is independently selected from H; COOH; benzyloxycarbonyl; fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; tert-butoxycarbonyl; methylcarbonyl; trifluoromethylcarbonyl; benzyl; triphenylmethyl; tosyl; mesyl; benzyloxymethyl; phenylsulfonyl; ethoxycarbonyl; 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl; methoxycarbonyl; methoxymethyloxycarbonyl; R.sup.2 is selected from H; methylcarbonyl; tert-butyldimethylsilyl; (C1-C4)alkyl; R.sub.3 is independently selected from H; (C1-C6)alkyl.

The present invention relates to a compound that is capable of being used in thin-film deposition using vapor deposition. Particularly, the present invention relates to a rare earth compound, which is capable of being applied to atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and which has excellent thermal stability and reactivity, a rare earth precursor including the same, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of forming a thin film using the same.

Macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GCA) are synthesized by pathways characterized by the formation of a sequence of metastable complexes before obtaining the final stable complex. Commercial macrocyclic GCAs contain unstable metastable complexes. These metastable species quickly release free Gd3+ ions upon delivery into the body. Aqueous or dry/solid GCA with near zero metastable species content and methods of synthesizing the same are disclosed.

A method for selective labelling of necrotic cells including incubating the cells in a solution including a Ln(III)Zn.sub.16(HA ligand).sub.16 metallacrown complex, wherein the HA ligand is a hydroximate ligand.

The invention relates to chemical compounds and complexes that can be used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe materials comprising a metal component, a first polytopic ligand, and a second polytopic ligand that associate to form an intricate mixed-linker structure with a merged-net. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe methods of synthesizing intricate mixed-linker structure comprising: contacting a metal precursor, first ligand precursor, and second ligand precursor under reaction conditions sufficient to form an intricate mixed-linker structure with a merged net.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate, which has the advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency under room temperature and 1 atm pressure conditions, and wide substrate scopes. It is not only suitable for monosubstituted epoxides, but also suitable for disubstituted epoxides. The method comprises the step of reacting epoxides of Formula (I) with carbon dioxide in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt and a catalyst, to obtain a cyclic carbonate of Formula (II). The reaction formula is: ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a complex of formula (II) constituted of at least 80% of a diastereoisomeric excess comprising a mixture of isomers II-RRR and II-SSS of formulae:

##STR00001##

The present invention also relates to a process for preparing said complex of formula (II), and also to two synthetic intermediates.

[Problem] To provide: fluorescent particles that are used to create a fluorescent material for coating an object in the vicinity of a fluid, that move regularly in the fluid while suppressing halation generated by the objects, and that enable the motion/movement of the fluid to be sharply visualized; an inspection device; and an inspection method.

[Solution] Substantially spherical fluorescent particles comprising a mixture containing at least one fluorescent material and a synthetic resin, wherein: the fluorescent material is excited by any purple visible light and UV rays having a wave-length of 290-405 nm, and emits visible light having a peak wavelength within the range of 410-620 nm; and the fluorescent particles have diameters of 100 nm to 1 mm and are distinguishable from bubbles and/or foreign bodies in the fluid when irradiated with the light.

Optical tags provide a way to identify assets quickly and unambiguously, an application relevant to anti-counterfeiting and protection of valuable resources or information. The present invention is directed to a tag fluorophore that encodes multilayer complexity in a family of heterometallic rare-earth metal-organic frameworks (RE-MOFs) based on highly connected polynuclear clusters and carboxylic acid-based linkers. Both overt (visible) and covert (near infrared, NIR) properties with concomitant multi-emissive spectra and tunable luminescence lifetimes impart both intricacy and security. Tag authentication can be validated with a variety of orthogonal detection methodologies. The relationships between structure, composition, and optical properties of the family of RE-MOFs can be used to create a large library of rationally designed, highly complex, difficult to counterfeit optical tags.