Disclosed are a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2,

##STR00001## wherein, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, X.sub.1, CY.sub.1 to CY.sub.3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, and a1 to a3, are the same as described in the specification. Also disclosed is an organic light-emitting device including the same.

Disclosed are a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2,

##STR00001## wherein, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, X.sub.1, CY.sub.1 to CY.sub.3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, and a1 to a3, are the same as described in the specification. Also disclosed is an organic light-emitting device including the same.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of opening a lipid bilayer by associating the lipid bilayer with a molecule that includes a moving component capable of moving (e.g., rotating) in response to an external stimulus; and exposing the molecule to an external stimulus before, during or after associating the molecule with the lipid bilayer. The exposing causes the moving component of the molecule to move and thereby open the lipid bilayer (e.g., by pore formation). The external stimuli may include an energy source, such as ultraviolet light. The opened lipid bilayer may be a component of cell membranes in vitro or in vivo. The opening of the lipid bilayer may allow for the passage of various materials (e.g., active agents, such as peptide-based drugs) through the lipid bilayer and into cells. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to the aforementioned molecules for opening lipid bilayers.

An organic electroluminescence device of an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a plurality of organic layers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which at least one of the organic layers includes a polycyclic compound including a plurality of electron donors and an electron acceptor connecting the electron donors, at least one of the electron donors is a condensed ring including a borepine core, and the electron acceptor includes a phenyl group including, as a substituent, at least one cyano group or a heterocycle including at least one nitrogen atom, or a heteroaryl group including an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom for forming a ring, thereby achieving improved emission efficiency.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising functional thiophene compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from a thiophene compound.

There is provided a photoelectric conversion film including a quinacridone derivative represented by the following General formula and a subphthalocyanine derivative represented by the following General formula.

A compound having Nrf2-activating action is provided. The compound is represented by formula (I), a salt of the compound, or a solvate of the compound or salt:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1a and R.sup.1b are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom; R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted group derived from a heterocycle, and the heterocycle represents thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, or a fused ring including any of these heterocycles; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 bind with each other to form —NH—CH—N—; R.sup.6 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group; A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, and A.sup.4 are identical or different and represent CH or N wherein the number of N is 1 or less; and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.

A borate compound-composition may contain soluble in hydrocarbon solvents and useful as a cocatalyst for solution polymerization of olefins or dienes. A composition containing a compound of formula (1)

##STR00001##

and
a compound of formula (4):

##STR00002##

wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, which is useful as a cocatalyst for polymerization of olefins or dienes, and a production method thereof can be provided.

A borate compound-containing composition soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. A composition containing base A, or a compound having a total carbon number of not less than 8 and represented by the formula (5):

##STR00001##

wherein R and R′ are each independently an optionally substituted C.sub.1-30 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C.sub.3-15 cycloalkyl group, or an optionally substituted C.sub.6-14 aryl group; and
a borate compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a C.sub.6-14 aryl group substituted by one or more fluorine atoms or fluoro C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups; and
[A-H].sup.+ is a base A-derived cation. A method for producing a polymer, by polymerizing at least one kind of monomer selected from the group consisting of olefins and dienes by using the composition A as a cocatalyst.

A borate compound-containing composition soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. A composition containing base A, or a compound having a total carbon number of not less than 8 and represented by the formula (5):

##STR00001##

wherein R and R′ are each independently an optionally substituted C.sub.1-30 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C.sub.3-15 cycloalkyl group, or an optionally substituted C.sub.6-14 aryl group; and
a borate compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00002##

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a C.sub.6-14 aryl group substituted by one or more fluorine atoms or fluoro C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups; and
[A-H].sup.+ is a base A-derived cation. A method for producing a polymer, by polymerizing at least one kind of monomer selected from the group consisting of olefins and dienes by using the composition A as a cocatalyst.