An organic solar cell is provided. The organic solar cell includes a photoactive layer in which a low molecular weight conjugated compound as a first organic semiconductor material is mixed with an appropriate amount of a second organic semiconductor material. The first organic semiconductor material includes both electron donors and electron acceptors. The presence of the electron donors and the electron acceptors in the first organic semiconductor material improves the morphology of the photoactive layer, leading to high efficiency of the organic solar cell.

The invention provides a polycyclic aromatic compound or a salt thereof having a partial structure represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein X, ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D are as defined in the specification.

Specific organometallic compounds of Formula I: Q.sub.x-Sn-(A.sup.1R.sup.1′.sub.z).sub.4-x or Formula II: Sn(NR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.nA.sup.2).sub.2 useful for the deposition of high purity tin oxide, as well as methods of using such compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are compositions of organometallic compounds useful for the deposition of high purity tin oxide that in combination improve stability. Also disclosed are processes for dry etching tin oxide with a particular etchant gas and/or a process for dry etching a substrate using a particular etchant gas with a specific additive.

Specific organometallic compounds of Formula I: Q.sub.x-Sn-(A.sup.1R.sup.1′.sub.z).sub.4-x or Formula II: Sn(NR.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.nA.sup.2).sub.2 useful for the deposition of high purity tin oxide, as well as methods of using such compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are compositions of organometallic compounds useful for the deposition of high purity tin oxide that in combination improve stability. Also disclosed are processes for dry etching tin oxide with a particular etchant gas and/or a process for dry etching a substrate using a particular etchant gas with a specific additive.

The invention relates to metal complex compounds of the formula M.sub.k(L).sub.x(Y).sub.kz-nx, where the ligand L has the formula (I), and to metal complex compounds which include the reaction product of at least one salt or a complex of a transition metal or a main group metal element of the groups 13 to 15 and at least one 1,3-ketoamide. Such complex compounds are suitable in particular as catalysts for polyurethane compositions. The invention also relates to two-component polyurethane compositions including at least one polyisocyanate as the first component, at least one polyol as the second component, and at least one such metal complex compound as the catalyst. The invention additionally relates to different uses of the two-component polyurethane compositions.

A system and method for fabricating a perovskite film is provided, the system including a substrate stage configured to rotate around its central axis at a rotation speed, a first set of evaporation units, each coupled to the side section or the bottom section of the chamber, a second set of evaporation units coupled to the bottom section, and a shield defining two or more zones having respective horizontal cross-sectional areas, which are open and facing the substrate, designated for the two or more evaporation units in the second set. The resultant perovskite film includes multiple unit layers, wherein each unit layer is formed by one rotation of the substrate stage, and the composition and thickness of the unit layer are controlled by adjusting at least the evaporation rates, the rotation speed and the horizontal cross-sectional areas.

The present invention relates to a method for controlling an ultrafast chemical reaction using a microfluidic reactor, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method for controlling an ultrafast chemical reaction such as the Fries rearrangement reaction and the like by using a microfluidic reactor by the 3D metal printing technique.

A supported alkoxylated organotin reactant, to the process for preparing same, to the use of such a reactant as a catalyst for heterogeneous-phase organic synthesis, and also to a process for heterogeneous-phase synthesis of 5-substituted or 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles using such a reactant.

The compound represented by the following general formula is useful as a light emitting material. Ar.sup.1 represents an arylene group, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, provided that at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represents a diarylamino group. ##STR00001##

Colloidal perovskite nanoplatelets can provide a material platform, with tunability extending from the deep UV, across the visible, into the near-IR. The high degree of spectral tunability can be achieved through variation of the cation, metal, and halide composition as well as nanoplatelet thickness.