The invention relates to an optoelectronic device comprising: (a) a layer comprising a crystalline A/M/X material, wherein the crystalline A/M/X material comprises a compound of formula: [A]a [M]b [X]c wherein: [A] comprises one or more A cations; [M] comprises one or more M cations which are metal or metalloid cations; [X] comprises one or more X anions; a is a number from 1 to 6; b is a number from 1 to 6; and c is a number from 1 to 18; and (b) an ionic liquid which is a salt comprising an organic cation and a counter anion, wherein the organic cation is present within the layer comprising the crystalline A/M/X material. The invention also relates to processes for producing an ionic liquid-modified film of a crystalline A/M/X material and a process for producing an optoelectronic device comprising an ionic-liquid modified film of a crystalline A/M/X material.

Electronic devices comprising a first layer, said first layer comprising a perovskite material; and a coating layer disposed on a surface of said first layer; wherein said coating layer comprises a coating oxysalt. Also provided herein are perovskite materials comprising: a coating layer on at least a portion of a surface of said perovskite material; wherein said coating layer comprises a coating oxysalt. Further provided herein are methods for forming a coating layer on a surface of a perovskite material comprising steps of: exposing said surface to a fluid having a precursor oxysalt dissolved therein such that said coating layer forms on said surface via a chemical reaction between said perovskite material and said precursor oxysalt; wherein said coating layer comprises a coating oxysalt.

Electronic devices comprising a first layer, said first layer comprising a perovskite material; and a coating layer disposed on a surface of said first layer; wherein said coating layer comprises a coating oxysalt. Also provided herein are perovskite materials comprising: a coating layer on at least a portion of a surface of said perovskite material; wherein said coating layer comprises a coating oxysalt. Further provided herein are methods for forming a coating layer on a surface of a perovskite material comprising steps of: exposing said surface to a fluid having a precursor oxysalt dissolved therein such that said coating layer forms on said surface via a chemical reaction between said perovskite material and said precursor oxysalt; wherein said coating layer comprises a coating oxysalt.

The present disclosure describes an organic-inorganic metal-halide-based semiconducting material that melts at lower temperatures compared to conventional inorganic semiconductors. The hybrid material is structurally engineered to easily access both crystalline and amorphous glassy states, with each state offering distinct physical properties.

Disclosed are chelates resulting from the complexation of bifunctional do2pa derivatives ligands of formula (I), wherein the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.1′, R.sup.2, R.sup.2′, R.sup.3, R.sup.3′, L.sup.1, L.sup.1′, L.sup.2 and L.sup.2′ are defined as in the claims, with metallic cations, especially Pb(II) and Bi(III). Also disclosed are bifunctional do2pa derivatives ligands of formula (I), as well as the use of chelates in nuclear medicine and the use of ligands in cations detection or epuration of effluents. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are chelates resulting from the complexation of bifunctional do2pa derivatives ligands of formula (I), wherein the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.1′, R.sup.2, R.sup.2′, R.sup.3, R.sup.3′, L.sup.1, L.sup.1′, L.sup.2 and L.sup.2′ are defined as in the claims, with metallic cations, especially Pb(II) and Bi(III). Also disclosed are bifunctional do2pa derivatives ligands of formula (I), as well as the use of chelates in nuclear medicine and the use of ligands in cations detection or epuration of effluents. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to a lead halide perovskite (LHP) synthesis simulation method, and more particularly to an LHP synthesis simulation method that minimizes a change in wavelength of light emitted from an LHP material when exposed to light for a predetermined time.

The present disclosure relates to a lead halide perovskite (LHP) synthesis simulation method, and more particularly to an LHP synthesis simulation method that minimizes a change in wavelength of light emitted from an LHP material when exposed to light for a predetermined time.

Novel 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, including (4-CF.sub.3-PMA).sub.2PbI.sub.4, that emit in the blue spectral region, and methods for making same. The CF.sub.3-substituted material exhibits a ˜0.16 eV larger bandgap than corresponding halogen-substituted materials. This family of materials offers a degree of freedom in tuning 2D perovskites to specific bandgaps for optoelectronic applications. These materials are highly stable, easily synthesized, and do not suffer from phase separation.

Novel 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, including (4-CF.sub.3-PMA).sub.2PbI.sub.4, that emit in the blue spectral region, and methods for making same. The CF.sub.3-substituted material exhibits a ˜0.16 eV larger bandgap than corresponding halogen-substituted materials. This family of materials offers a degree of freedom in tuning 2D perovskites to specific bandgaps for optoelectronic applications. These materials are highly stable, easily synthesized, and do not suffer from phase separation.