Electrolyte solutions for flow batteries and other electrochemical systems can contain an active material that is capable of transferring one or more electrons per molecule during an oxidation-reduction cycle. Doubly bridged aromatic groups or their coordination compounds can be particularly suitable active materials. Flow batteries can include a first half-cell containing a first electrolyte solution, and a second half-cell containing a second electrolyte solution, in which at least one of the first electrolyte solution and the second electrolyte solution contains an active material having at least two aromatic groups doubly bridged by a carbonyl moiety and a bridging moiety containing a bridging atom selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. Such bridged compounds can directly function as the active material, or coordination compounds containing the bridged compounds as at least one ligand can serve as the active material.

Electrolyte solutions for flow batteries and other electrochemical systems can contain an active material that is capable of transferring one or more electrons per molecule during an oxidation-reduction cycle. Doubly bridged aromatic groups or their coordination compounds can be particularly suitable active materials. Flow batteries can include a first half-cell containing a first electrolyte solution, and a second half-cell containing a second electrolyte solution, in which at least one of the first electrolyte solution and the second electrolyte solution contains an active material having at least two aromatic groups doubly bridged by a carbonyl moiety and a bridging moiety containing a bridging atom selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. Such bridged compounds can directly function as the active material, or coordination compounds containing the bridged compounds as at least one ligand can serve as the active material.

Disclosed are methods of using Group 4 transition metal azatrane precursors to deposit Group 4 transition metal-containing films on one or more substrates via vapor deposition processes.

Disclosed are methods of using Group 4 transition metal azatrane precursors to deposit Group 4 transition metal-containing films on one or more substrates via vapor deposition processes.

The present invention relates to a novel ligand compound, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition comprising the same. The novel ligand compound and the transition metal compound of the present invention may be useful as a catalyst of polymerization reaction for preparing an olefin-based polymer having a low density.

The present invention relates to a novel ligand compound, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition comprising the same. The novel ligand compound and the transition metal compound of the present invention may be useful as a catalyst of polymerization reaction for preparing an olefin-based polymer having a low density.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization, and more specifically, a method for preparing a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization including (1) first reacting dialkoxy magnesium and titanium halide compound under the presence of an organic solvent; (2) adding two kinds of non-aromatic internal electron donors to a product of the step (1) and reacting the mixture; and (3) second reacting the product of the step (2) with a titanium halide compound and washing a reaction product. The catalyst prepared according to the method as described in the present disclosure not only may provide high catalytic activity, but also may provide a propylene polymer having excellent stereoregularity.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization, and more specifically, a method for preparing a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization including (1) first reacting dialkoxy magnesium and titanium halide compound under the presence of an organic solvent; (2) adding two kinds of non-aromatic internal electron donors to a product of the step (1) and reacting the mixture; and (3) second reacting the product of the step (2) with a titanium halide compound and washing a reaction product. The catalyst prepared according to the method as described in the present disclosure not only may provide high catalytic activity, but also may provide a propylene polymer having excellent stereoregularity.

The present disclosure provides catalyst compounds represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

where Q is OR.sup.13, SR.sup.13, NR.sup.13R.sup.14, PR.sup.13R.sup.14, or a heterocyclic ring; each R.sup.1-14 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 hydrocarbyl, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.40 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group, or multiple R.sup.1-14 are joined together to form a C.sub.4-C.sub.62 cyclic, heterocyclic, or polycyclic ring structure, or combination(s) thereof; each X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group, or X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 join together to form a C.sub.4-C.sub.62 cyclic, heterocyclic, or polycyclic ring structure; and Y is a hydrocarbyl. The present disclosure also provides catalyst systems including an activator, a support, and a catalyst of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides polymerization processes including introducing olefin monomers to a catalyst system. Additionally, the present disclosure provides a polyolefin formed by a catalyst system or method of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides catalyst compounds represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

where Q is OR.sup.13, SR.sup.13, NR.sup.13R.sup.14, PR.sup.13R.sup.14, or a heterocyclic ring; each R.sup.1-14 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 hydrocarbyl, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.40 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group, or multiple R.sup.1-14 are joined together to form a C.sub.4-C.sub.62 cyclic, heterocyclic, or polycyclic ring structure, or combination(s) thereof; each X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group, or X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 join together to form a C.sub.4-C.sub.62 cyclic, heterocyclic, or polycyclic ring structure; and Y is a hydrocarbyl. The present disclosure also provides catalyst systems including an activator, a support, and a catalyst of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides polymerization processes including introducing olefin monomers to a catalyst system. Additionally, the present disclosure provides a polyolefin formed by a catalyst system or method of the present disclosure.