Methods for preparing a catalyst precursor material from dihalo-substituted metalloids are provided. The methods In include mixing a first solution of a halogenated alkane, at least one solvent, and a first component selected from a dihalo-substituted-group-14 metalloid or an organolithium reagent in a first reaction zone. Continuously adding the first solution to a second reaction zone, and continuously adding a second solution to the second reaction zone. The second solution including at least one solvent and a second component of either the dihalo-substituted-group-14 metalloid or the organolithium reagent, the second component is different from the first component. Mixing the first solution and the second solution in the second reaction zone.

This disclosure provides modulators of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one such modulator, methods of treatment of cystic fibrosis by administering such modulators and pharmaceutical compositions, and processes for making such modulators.

This disclosure provides modulators of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one such modulator, methods of treatment of cystic fibrosis by administering such modulators and pharmaceutical compositions, and processes for making such modulators.

Compounds according to general formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which M is Ge or Sn, RAr is ##STR00002##
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, independently of one another in each case, are —H, —F, —Cl, —OR.sup.6, —SR.sup.6, —N(R.sup.6).sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —COOR.sup.6, —CONHR.sup.6, a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.2-20 alkenyl, C.sub.1-20 alkyloxy or a C.sub.2-20 alkenoxy radical, which can be interrupted one or more times by O, S or —NR.sup.6— and substituted by one or more polymerizable groups and/or radicals R.sup.6, R.sup.6 is H, a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkyl or C.sub.2-20 alkenyl radical, R.sup.7 is a chemical bond, an n-valent aromatic radical or a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkylene radical, which can be interrupted one or more times by O, S or —NR.sup.6— and substituted by one or more polymerizable groups, ═O and/or radicals R.sup.6, n is 2 or 3 and m is 0 or 1. The compounds are particularly suitable as photoinitiators for radical polymerization and in particular for the production of dental materials.

Compounds according to general formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which M is Ge or Sn, RAr is ##STR00002##
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, independently of one another in each case, are —H, —F, —Cl, —OR.sup.6, —SR.sup.6, —N(R.sup.6).sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —COOR.sup.6, —CONHR.sup.6, a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.2-20 alkenyl, C.sub.1-20 alkyloxy or a C.sub.2-20 alkenoxy radical, which can be interrupted one or more times by O, S or —NR.sup.6— and substituted by one or more polymerizable groups and/or radicals R.sup.6, R.sup.6 is H, a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkyl or C.sub.2-20 alkenyl radical, R.sup.7 is a chemical bond, an n-valent aromatic radical or a branched, cyclic or preferably linear C.sub.1-20 alkylene radical, which can be interrupted one or more times by O, S or —NR.sup.6— and substituted by one or more polymerizable groups, ═O and/or radicals R.sup.6, n is 2 or 3 and m is 0 or 1. The compounds are particularly suitable as photoinitiators for radical polymerization and in particular for the production of dental materials.

The present invention relates to a compound of general formula (I) (wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl and X is an alkali metal cation, ammonium cation, or quaternary ammonium cation). This compound is highly soluble in water, and solutions thereof need not be neutralized when administered to the living body. The compound is useful as a medicine, etc.

The present invention relates to a compound of general formula (I) (wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl and X is an alkali metal cation, ammonium cation, or quaternary ammonium cation). This compound is highly soluble in water, and solutions thereof need not be neutralized when administered to the living body. The compound is useful as a medicine, etc.

A compound of Chemical Formula 1, and an organic photoelectric device, an image sensor, and an electronic device including the same are disclosed: ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is as described in the detailed description.

A compound of Chemical Formula 1, and an organic photoelectric device, an image sensor, and an electronic device including the same are disclosed: ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is as described in the detailed description.

Provided are an organic electroluminescent material and device. The organic electroluminescent material is a compound having a structure of Formula 1. Those novel compounds are applicable to electroluminescent devices and can provide better device performance, such as an increase in device lifetime. Further provided are an electroluminescent device containing the compound and a compound composition containing the compound.